Osteoarthirits

Question 1

Early stage - cartilage softening & fibrillation

Answer 1

Degradation of cartilage matrix begins
Loss of proteoglycans and water, reduce cartilage - reduced ability to resist compresses forces
Fibrillation - superficial cracks appear
Chondrocytes activate- attempting repair- more matrix and enzymes
Imbalance of cartilage synthesis & degradation

Question 2

Mid stage - cartilage thinning, subchondral bone change

Answer 2

Further cartilage loss exposes subcondral bone
Subcondral bone thickening due to increased stress
Osteophytes at joint margins as reparative response
Joint capsule & synovium show mild inflammation and fibrosis
Joint space narrowing starts showing on imaging

Question 3

Late stage - severe cartilage erosion & joint deformity

Answer 3

Extensive cartilage loss leads to bone to bone contact
Subcondral cysts due to microfractures & fluid infiltration
Synovial inflammation & fibrosis worsen - pain & stiffness
Muscles & ligaments weaken - joint stability decline
Gross joint deformity, severe pain, functional impairment

Question 4

What is it?

Answer 4

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint condition that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in a joint gradually wears down. It is the most common form of arthritis and typically develops with age, but it can also result from joint injury, overuse, or other contributing factors. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint but most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine