Ost More Detailed

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

To compare people with blood and people with injection phobia in terms of cognitive behavior and biological aspects to determine if they can be separated into two separate conditions or if they can be treated as one

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

81. Blood phobics.
    59 injection phobics

Question 3

How was data gathered?

Answer 3

Using questionnaires and interviews

Question 4

What did the questionnaire and interviews ask about

Answer 4

Gather information about
family history
The origin of phobias
Age of onset
Age when treatment started
History of fainting

Question 5

What study was used to compare data?

Answer 5

OST 1987

Question 6

What was the 1987 about

Answer 6

It was about people with claustrophobia animal and dental phobia
People had to picture themselves in an anxiety arousing situation and rate their severity of 11 biological and 10 cognitive reactions on a scale of 0 to 40 being no reaction and for being a very strong reaction

Question 7

What were the behavioral tests done?

Answer 7

The blood phobic group watched a colored video that was 30 minutes of a thoracic surgery and injection phobics had a finger prick

Question 8

When could participants withdraw from the study and what happened once they withdraw?

Answer 8

Participants could withdraw at the study at any time
withdrawal time was noted

Question 9

How was fainting rated?

Answer 9

Fainting was rated on a scale from 0 to 4

Question 10

What instructions were the participants given?

Answer 10

They were told not to close their eyes, but to try to watch for as long as they could

Question 11

When were the participants test terminated?

Answer 11

The examiner checked our glances, and if they looked away or stopped watching the video using the remote, then the test would be terminated

Question 12

What were the injection phobia practice test steps?

Answer 12

There were 20 steps and the participants were told each one of them before they started
Individual finger being cleaned
Having the prick performed on them
The participants had to say whether they were OK or not OK to perform if they said no then the test would end

Question 13

How was anxiety reported?

Answer 13

Participant said, reported their anxiety on a scale from 0 to 10 and indicated which five positive and negative thoughts they experienced

Question 14

What was taken before and after each test?

Answer 14

Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before and after

Question 15

Result results for participants who met criteria of both disorders

Answer 15

69% of blood phobics and 31% of injection phobic both criteria

Question 16

Results for phobia shared by at least one parent or sibling

Answer 16

61% of phobic shared one parent or sibling with blood phobia
29% of injection phobia

Question 17

What were the percentages of participants that feared fainting in each?

Answer 17

77% of blood phobics
48% of injection phobics

Question 18

Generic results

Answer 18

People with the blood phobia are more likely to meet the criteria for injection phobia

Blood phobics were more likely to have a first-degree relative with the same phobia as them then injection phobias also blood phobias are more likely to have a first-degree relative

Question 19

What phobic was more fearful of fainting?

Answer 19

Blood phobics were also more fearful of fainting than injunction phobic injunction phobics only had a higher score for two of the 11 biological reaction

Question 20

What did injection phobics have a higher score for?

Answer 20

Two out of the 11 biological reactions

Question 21

Who has a higher heart rate and blood pressure ?

Answer 21

Injection phobias had a higher heart rate and blood pressure then blood phobics at the point of withdrawal blood phobics had seen a small decrease at this point

Question 22

What did both groups encounter?

Answer 22

Both groups withdraw approximately 1/3 of the way through the test and experienced similar levels of anxiety

Question 23

Conclusions

Answer 23

There are more similarities than differences between people with the blood and injection phobias and therefore these four bills should not be separated into two different diagnosis

Blood phobia appears to have a strong stronger, genetic component than injection. Phobia and biological reaction seems to be more severe.

When compared with non-blood phobic groups, injunction phobias are commonly shared by the first- degree relative and more likely to lead to fainting

Question 24

Strength

Answer 24

The initial diagnosis was checked before further testing was conducted following the interview using the anxiety disorders interview schedule this lead to seven people being detected as they didn’t meet the criteria of the DSM this makes the results more valid

The study use behavioral test, which provided the objective data example of the researchers observers recorded how long for dispensary able to endure their fear stimulus rather than relying on part
Participant recall

Question 25

Weaknesses

Answer 25

Lacks ecological validity for example, the participants with phobia watch the video of operation and this is not the same as being confronted with one’s own blood or the blood of a friend. This may be different in real life. The data about family and relatives may not have been validated as the readers were not tracked down or talk to and assess property meaning they may not have been accurate