Biological explanations

Question 1

What is the primary focus of biological explanations in anxiety disorders?

Answer 1

Genetic inheritance and de novo mutations

These factors explore the genetic basis for vulnerability to anxiety disorders.

Question 2

What are de novo mutations?

Answer 2

Genetic mutations that arise spontaneously and are not inherited from parents

These mutations may affect a child’s mental health.

Question 3

What did Gratacos et al. (2001) discover regarding fear-related disorders?

Answer 3

A de novo mutation linked to agoraphobia and specific phobia disorder in a sample of Spanish participants

90% of participants with fear-related disorders had a specific DNA duplication.

Question 4

What is the significance of DUP25 in relation to anxiety disorders?

Answer 4

It is a duplication on chromosome 15 associated with fear-related disorders

90% of participants with fear-related disorders had this duplication compared to 7% of the control group.

Question 5

Which gene is associated with the DUP25 mutation?

Answer 5

NTRK3 gene

This gene is linked to emotional and behavioral arousal in response to stimuli.

Question 6

What role do neurotrophins play in the brain?

Answer 6

They are essential for the healthy function and development of neurons

NTRK3 provides instructions for a neurotrophin receptor, NT-3.

Question 7

Where are NTRK3 receptors primarily found in the brain?

Answer 7

In the locus coeruleus in the brain stem

This area is linked to arousal, vigilance, and attention.

Question 8

What effect does overexpression of the NTRK3 gene have?

Answer 8

It is linked to high levels of noradrenaline, associated with stress and anxiety

This overexpression could increase vulnerability to anxiety and fear-related disorders.

Question 9

True or False: The NTRK3 gene is unrelated to emotional responses.

Answer 9

False

The NTRK3 gene is linked to emotional and behavioral arousal.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The NTRK3 gene is associated with _______ in the context of anxiety disorders.

Answer 10

arousal and the fight-or-flight reaction

Overexpression can lead to extreme reactions and heightened responses.

Question 11

How does Denova genetic mutations occur and what evidence has been found to support this?

Answer 11

These are gene mutations that occur after consumption it resulted from when a gene has been duplicated or split. This gene is called dupe 25 the gene or the chromosome is chromosome 15 and everything to support this stems from a study wearing 90% of participants with fear related disorders had duplication of chromosome 15 and 7% of the control group only hadthis duplication and they did not have this disorder