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Dignistic Critria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the estimated prevalence rate of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A

2-5 percent

Spitzer et al. (2006) found that GAD was prevalent among 9% of women and 4% of men in a large sample from Missouri, USA.

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2
Q

Which gender is more commonly affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A

Women

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3
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) * Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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4
Q

What is the role of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

It is the first main part of the nervous system.

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5
Q

What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A

Connects CNS to the organs, limbs, and skin.

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6
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A
  • Somatic Nervous System * Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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7
Q

What does the Somatic Nervous System control?

A

Voluntary actions

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8
Q

What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) control?

A

Involuntary processes in the body

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9
Q

True or False: The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is responsible for voluntary actions.

A

False

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is part of the central nervous system (CNS).

A

[brain]

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11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control?

A

Breathing, heart rate, digestion, and response to threats

The ANS has two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic.

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12
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic branch of the ANS?

A

Increases arousal and prepares the body for fight or flight

This branch is responsible for the body’s rapid involuntary response to dangerous or stressful situations.

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13
Q

What does the parasympathetic branch of the ANS do?

A

Returns the body to its normal resting state

It promotes the ‘rest and digest’ functions.

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14
Q

Define Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

A

Characterized by intense, persistent, and unreasonable anxiety about everyday things

Diagnosis requires symptoms to occur almost every day for several months.

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15
Q

What are the requirements for diagnosing GAD?

A

High levels of distress disrupting daily functioning

Other conditions like social phobia or panic disorder must be ruled out.

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16
Q

What symptoms are commonly associated with GAD?

A

Physical, behavioral, affective, and cognitive symptoms

Examples include muscle aches, insomnia, restlessness, irritability, and inability to concentrate.

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17
Q

True or False: People with GAD have a low awareness of their condition.

A

False

Unlike those with disorders like schizophrenia, individuals with GAD are often aware that their anxieties are irrational.

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18
Q

What is a common feeling experienced by individuals with GAD?

A

General sense of apprehension

This includes free-floating anxiety and excessive worries about various aspects of life.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: GAD can be classified as _________.

A

Mild, moderate, or severe

The severity affects the individual’s ability to function daily.

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20
Q

What might mild GAD individuals experience compared to severe cases?

A

Mild individuals can function relatively well; severe cases may face significant challenges

Severe GAD can severely disrupt daily activities.

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21
Q

List some physical symptoms of GAD.

A
  • Muscle aches and pains
  • Insomnia
  • Digestive problems like diarrhea and constipation

These symptoms contribute to the overall distress experienced by individuals.

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22
Q

What behavioral symptoms may indicate GAD?

A
  • Restlessness
  • Irritability

These symptoms reflect the heightened state of anxiety in individuals.

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23
Q

What does GAD stand for?

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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24
Q

What are the three levels of severity for GAD?

A
  • Mild
  • Moderate
  • Severe
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25
How do individuals with mild GAD function?
They are able to function relatively well.
26
What challenges do individuals with severe GAD face?
They may face challenges in daily functions and may have a major impact on their ability to perform everyday tasks.
27
What is a cognitive symptom of GAD?
Being unable to concentrate.
28
What is the purpose of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7)?
To assess the severity of anxiety symptoms.
29
What type of scale is used in the GAD-7 assessment?
A 4-point scale.
30
True or False: The GAD-7 is highly reliable for determining the duration of anxiety symptoms.
False
31
What additional evaluation is necessary for GAD diagnosis?
Clinician evaluation.
32
Fill in the blank: Cognitive symptoms of GAD include _______.
being unable to concentrate.
33
What is one method to assess fear related to GAD?
Fear questionnaire.
34
What is a common symptom associated with 'Lanecuve'?
Nervousness.
35
What is the GAD-7?
A 7-item questionnaire used to assess Generalized Anxiety Disorder ## Footnote It measures anxiety symptoms experienced over the last 2 weeks.
36
What is the duration for which the GAD-7 assesses symptoms?
2 weeks
37
What type of rating scale is used in the GAD-7?
4-point scale from 0 to 3
38
What do the score categories of the GAD-7 indicate?
* 5-9: Mild GAD * 10-14: Moderate GAD * 15-21: Severe GAD
39
What should be triggered if a GAD-7 score is 10 or higher?
Referral to a psychiatrist for a more detailed assessment and/or therapist for support.
40
What are the 7 items assessed in the GAD-7?
* Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge * Not being able to stop or control worrying * Worrying too much about different things * Trouble relaxing * Being so restless that it is hard to sit still * Becoming easily annoyed or irritable * Feeling afraid, as if something awful might happen
41
What was the original number of items in the GAD-7 before it was shortened?
13 items
42
What significant finding was revealed in the study of 2,739 participants regarding average scores?
* Diagnosed with GAD: average score of 14.4 * Not diagnosed with GAD: average score of 4.9
43
True or False: The GAD-7 can be used as a structured interview schedule during clinical interviews.
True
44
Fill in the blank: A total score of _____ indicates severe GAD.
15-21
45
What is a limitation of the GAD-7 regarding diagnosis?
It focuses only on the past 2 weeks and might not require a diagnosis
46
What is the GAD-7?
A screening tool for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) with 7 items.
47
What score indicates severe GAD on the GAD-7?
Scores higher than 15/21.
48
What was the average GAD-7 score for diagnosed individuals in the study?
14.4.
49
What was the average GAD-7 score for individuals without GAD in the study?
4.9.
50
What does high test-retest reliability in the GAD-7 indicate?
Confidence in the test providing meaningful data for diagnosis.
51
What was the correlation coefficient found in the test-retest reliability study?
+0.83.
52
How many items did the GAD-7 originally have?
13 items.
53
What is a key strength of the GAD-7 regarding its application?
It is quick and easy to use.
54
What type of validity does the GAD-7 exhibit through correlation with other anxiety measures?
Concurrent validity.
55
What is a major weakness of the GAD-7 evaluation?
Lack of clarity on symptom severity over time.
56
What limitation does the GAD-7 have regarding the duration of symptoms?
It provides a snapshot of a person's condition during two weeks.
57
Fill in the blank: The GAD-7 was adjusted to ______ items after research.
[7]
58
True or False: The GAD-7 can differentiate between mild, moderate, and severe cases of anxiety.
True.
59
What is the significance of a strong positive correlation in concurrent validity?
It indicates that two measures are assessing the same construct effectively.
60
What was the sample size of participants in the GAD-7 development study?
2,739 participants.
61
What does the term 'agoraphobia' refer to?
An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult.
62
What is agoraphobia?
Fear of public spaces and situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable ## Footnote Derived from the Greek word 'Agora', meaning open or public space.
63
What triggers the fear response in agoraphobia?
Multiple situations such as using public transportation, being in crowds, or being outside the home alone ## Footnote According to WHO, 2018.
64
What is a requirement for diagnosing agoraphobia?
Symptoms must be experienced for several months and cause significant distress ## Footnote Affects personal, social, and occupational functioning.
65
What behavior do people with agoraphobia often exhibit?
Avoidance of situations that may trigger panic attacks or anxiety ## Footnote They may only engage in such situations with trusted individuals.
66
What are specific phobias?
Irrational and/or excessive fear of certain situations, objects, or animals ## Footnote Examples include flying, heights, and specific animals.
67
What is haemophobia?
Fear of blood ## Footnote A common specific phobia.
68
What is trypanophobia?
Fear of injections and medical needles ## Footnote A common specific phobia.
69
What are typical symptoms of phobias?
Increased heart rate and blood pressure ## Footnote Blood and needle phobias may cause a sudden decrease in blood pressure.
70
What can happen to individuals with blood, injection, and injury phobias?
They may faint due to a sudden decrease in blood pressure ## Footnote This can occur as a response to their phobic stimuli.
71
True or False: Symptoms of agoraphobia can lead to significant distress in personal and social life.
True
72
Fill in the blank: Agoraphobia involves a fear of being unable to _______.
escape
73
What percentage of people with blood, injection, and injury phobias report having had this phobia since childhood?
72%
74
What percentage of individuals with blood injection phobia report having a first-degree relative with the disorder?
46%
75
What percentage of individuals report that blood injection phobia causes major impairment to their daily functioning?
86%
76
What common response do half of the individuals with blood injection phobia report?
Fainting
77
What does BIPI stand for?
Blood Injection Phobia Inventory
78
How many situations does the BIPI inventory include relating to blood, injections, and medical needles?
18
79
What types of anxiety does the BIPI assess?
Situational anxiety and anticipatory anxiety
80
How often do participants rate their reactions in the BIPI inventory?
From 0 (never) to 3 (always)
81
What are the three categories of reactions assessed in the BIPI?
* Cognitive * Biological * Behavioral
82
Fill in the blank: The BIPI assesses how a person feels, thinks, and behaves when confronting a _______.
[situation]
83
Name one cognitive reaction assessed by the BIPI.
I think people will notice how distressed I feel
84
Name one biological reaction assessed by the BIPI.
My palms and armpits sweat
85
Name one behavioral reaction assessed by the BIPI.
My legs and/or hands shake
86
True or False: The BIPI has high validity as scores for the FQ subscale on blood and BIPI were closely related.
True
87
What is the correlation of AOQT for participants?
AOQT is positively correlated for participants. ## Footnote Mas et al. (2010) - high concurrent validity.
88
How is the BIPI culturally relevant?
The BIPI is culturally relevant to participants from Spain as it was designed and tested with Spanish participants.
89
What is a limitation of the BIPI regarding subjectivity?
Since the BIPI is a self-report, people's responses may differ from their actual behavior, reducing the validity of the results.
90
What is a strength of the BIPI?
The BIPI is inclusive and broad, with 486 total data points for each participant, ensuring high reliability in measuring responses.

Anxity And Fear Related Disorders (9 decks)

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