OSPE Flashcards
a) Name the feature of the spinal cord labelled A
b) A what vertebral level does the adult spinal cord end?
c) Name the feature labelled B
a) Cauda equina
b) L1/L2
c) Dorsal root ganglion
a) Name the white feature labelled C
b) Name the meningeal layer feature C is derived from?
a) Filum terminale
b) Pia mater
a) Name the specific fluid space found within the area indicated by D
b) What is the lowest vertebral space that D reaches?
c) Which component of a mixed spinal nerve can be seen at E passing through an osseus feature
a) Lumbar cistern
b) S1-S2
c) Dorsal ramus
a) What region of the vertebral column is A from?
Give a reason for your answer
b) What region of the vertebral column is B from?
Give a reason for your answer
c) What region of the vertebral column is C from?
Give a reason for your answer
d) Name the feature labelled D
a) Thoracic; costal facets present
b) Cervical; transverse foramen
c) Thoracic; costal facet present
d) zygapophyseal joint (Z joint)/superior articular facet
a) Name the feature outlined by area A.
b) Name the muscle that acts on the shoulder whose origin contributes to feature A.
c) Name the component of the mixed spinal nerve that
supplies the muscle named above
a) Thoracolumbar fascia
b) latissimus dorsi
c) Ventral ramus
a) Name the specific group of muscles indicated by area B
b) Name the specific group of muscles indicated by area C
c) How many spinal segments do muscles of B & C cross?
a) Iliocostalis
b) Longissimus
c) 5-6 segments
a) Name the group of transversospinale muscles that are
most well developed in the area indicated by D.
b) How many segments does this group of muscles cross?
a) Multifidis
b) 3-4
a) Name artery A and the anatomical space it is located.
b) Name the segment of the brachial plexus named in
relation to this artery.
c) Name nerve B and the anterior arm muscle it bisects.
d) Name the muscle supplied by this nerve that does not
cross the glenohumeral joint
a) Axillary artery, in the axilla
b) Cords
c) Musculocutaenous, coracobrachialis
d) Brachialis
a) Name nerve C and the space it passes through at the
elbow joint.
b) Image 2 shows the nerves of the posterior cord.
Name nerve D and 1 muscle it supplies.
c) Name nerve E and the feature of the humerus it passes
around posteriorly.
d) Which head of biceps brachii is indicated by F, and
where does it attach to the scapula?
a) Median nerve, Cubital fossa
b) Axillary (Deltoid, triceps LH, Teres Minor)
c) Radial nerve, Spiral groove
d) Long head, supraglenoid tubercle
a) Name muscle A and state 1 action it has at the
glenohumeral joint.
b) Name muscle B and state 1 action it has on the scapula.
c) From which cord of the brachial plexus is the nerve
innervating muscle B derived?
d) Name muscle C and state its nerve supply
a) Pectoralis Major, medial rotation, flexion, adduction
b) Latissimus dorsi; depression, retraction
c) Posterior cord
d) Pectoralis minor; medial pectoral nerve
a) Name muscle D (be as specific as possible), and state 1
action it performs at the elbow.
b) Name the ventral skeletal element of the shoulder girdle that C and D share as an attachment.
c) Name 1 dorsal skeletal girdle element of the shoulder
d) Which of the labelled muscles performs no action at the glenohumeral joint?
a) Biceps SH; elbow flexion, supinate
b) Coracoid process
c) Vertebral column, true scapula
d) Pec minor
a) Name muscle A and state 1 action it performs.
b) At heel strike of stance phase, what movement at the
hip joint is muscle A preventing/performing, and
therefore what type of muscle contraction is it?
c) Name muscle B and state its nerve supply.
d) Name muscle C and state 1 action it performs
a) Glute medius; Abduction, both rotations
b) Preventing Adduction, Eccentric
c) Glute minimus; Superior gluteal nerve
d) Glute maximus; Extension/external rotation
a) Which muscle of the upper limb would be homologous to muscle C, and where does it insert on the humerus?
b) Name ligament D and the one other pelvic ligament (not shown) that create the lesser sciatic foramen.
c) Name muscle E and name 1 other lateral rotator
muscle.
a) Deltoid; Deltoid tuberosity
b)Sacrotuberous; Sacrospinous
c) Piriformis; obturator internus/externus
a) Name the muscle of tendon A and its frontal plane action at the wrist.
b) Name the muscle of tendon B and its nerve supply
c) Name muscle C and state the joint it primarily acts on in the hand.
d) Name muscle D and given this answer, name the muscle of tendon E.
(Hint: these muscle are ‘snuff box’ muscles)
a) extensor carpi ulnaris; adduction
b) extensor digiti minimi; radial
c) extensor digitorum; MCP joint
d) extensor pollicic brevis; extensor pollicus longus
a) Name the missing snuff box muscle and the joint it produces its primary action at.
b) Name muscle F and state how many of these muscles you have in 1 hand.
c) Name the property of multi-articular muscles responsible for:
i) Cannot actively shorten enough to simultaneously
achieve full range of motion at all joints crossed.
Active insufficiency
ii) Cannot be passively lengthened enough through its
opposing full range of motion at all joints crossed. Passive insufficiency
a) Abductor pollicis longus; CMC
b) Dorsal interossei; 4
c)
i) Active insufficiency
ii) Passive insufficiency
a) Name muscle A and the most distal joint it acts on
b) Name the muscle that tendon B belongs to and the
homologous upper limb muscle
c) Name muscle C and another group of muscles that it
shares a common attachment with.
d) Name the muscle that tendon D belongs to and its
frontal plane movement at the subtalar joint.
a) Flexor digitorum brevis; PIP
b) Flexor digitorum longus; Flexor digitorum profundus
c) Quadratus plantae; Lumbricals
d) Flexor hallicus longus; inversion
a) Name the muscle that tendon E belongs to.
(Attaches at red spot shown on skeleton)
b) Name the ligament of the foot arch which crosses
tendon E
c) Name bone F and the bone it articulates with anteriorly
a) Fibularis longus
b) Long plantar/calcaneometatarsal
c) Talus; naviculcar
Q1: Identify A-C and list one function for each.
A Caudate - body and limbs posture and the speed and accuracy of directed movements, goal-directed
action, memory, learning, emotion
B Putamen - motor planning, learning, and execution, motor preparation
C Globus Pallidus- regulation of voluntary movement
Identify the
labelled structures:
a) Third ventricle
b) Caudate (head)
c) Hippocampus
e) Putamen
f) Mamillary bodies
a) Identify A and name the fluid that resides there, and the structure which crosses and attached the cerebral
hemispheres
b) Identify B-C and list one function for each
a) 3rd Ventricle; CSF; Interthalamic adhesion present
b)
Thalamus: Central hub for processing of neural information
Hippocampus: conversion of short term memory to long term memory
