osmosis and diffusion Flashcards
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a region with a high concentration to one where there is a lower concentration of water molecules.
give examples of osmosis
A plant taking in water through its roots, feeling thirsty after having salty food, red blood cells swelling up when exposed to fresh water, when you put a potato in pure water and it swells because there is a much higher concentration of starch and other solutes inside the potato’s cells than in the water.
Define diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region with a high concentration to a region where there is low concentration until the particles are evenly distributed.
Give examples of diffusion
when a tea bag is placed in a cup of hot water, it diffuses into the water and changes its color, opening a soda bottle and the CO2 diffuses into the air, putting food coloring into water and the food coloring diffuses and changes the water’s color.
Define concentration
Concentration can be defined as the amount of substance in a defined space.
Define solute
Solute refers to the substance being dissolved in a medium during the diffusion process.
Define solutant/solvent
A solvent refers to the medium that a substance is being dissolved into during the diffusion process.
Define solution
A solution refers to the mixture that is created when a solvent is diffused into a solvent.
Define concentration gradient
Concentration gradient is the gradual change in the amount of solute in a solution which occurs when there is a difference in the number of molecules
What are the three types of osmosis? define them.
Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. In an isotonic solution the amount of water molecules is equal both inside and outside of the cell. In a hypotonic solution, the size of the cell increases because there is more water going into the cell. In a hypertonic solution, the size of the cell decreases and it shrivels up because there is more water coming out of the cell.
What are the waste products that are produced by the cell?
carbon dioxide, and urea
Define secretion
Secretion is the process by which a cell produces waste products and then removes them from the cell.
Animal cells have cell walls just like plant cells. T or F?
False
An animal cell placed in water will burst. Explain fully why a plant cell will not burst when placed in water.
A plant cell has a cell wall, unlike an animal cell which doesn’t. When an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, since there is no cell wall to restrict it from stretching too far, the cell will break apart. Therefore, a plant cell, which does have a cell wall will not break apart for this reason.
