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X Physiology 1A > Osmosis > Flashcards

Osmosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the description for the permeability of the plasma membrane?

A

selectively permeable

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2
Q

How does water flow between the ICF and the ECF?

A

by osmosis

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3
Q

What does the volume of a compartment in the body depend on?

A

the total number of osmotically active solute particles trapped inside the compartment

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4
Q

How do the volumes of ICF and ECF compare?

A

ICF is approximately double the volume of ECF

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5
Q

What does the difference in volume of the ICF and ECF mean for amount of solute particles in both?

A

ICF contains approximately double the amount of osmotically active solute particles

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6
Q

What is a mole a unit of?

A

quantity

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7
Q

What is one mole contain?

A

the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12 isotope

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8
Q

what is avogadros number?

A

6x10 to the 23 (one mole)

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9
Q

what is molarity a unit of?

A

concentration

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10
Q

What does molarity measure?

A

the number of moles of solute per litre of solution

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11
Q

What is the property called that refers to solvents that can be changed by adding solute?

A

colligative properties

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12
Q

What is a semi permeable membrane?

A

permeable to water but not to solutes

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13
Q

What is the plasma membrane permeable to?

A

water

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14
Q

What is the plasma membrane selectively permeable to?

A

some solutes

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15
Q

What conditions are required for maximum osmotic effect?

A

ions must be trapped on one side of the membrane

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16
Q

What is permeability to a particular solute indicated by?

A

reflection coefficient

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17
Q

What does the reflection coefficient range from?

A

0 to 1

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18
Q

What does a reflection coefficent of 0 mean?

A

membrane is totally permeable to solute

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19
Q

What does a reflection coefficent of 1 mean?

A

membrane is impermeable to solute

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20
Q

Which solutes exert greatest osmotic effect?

A

those with a reflection coefficent of 1 that are trapped on one side of a membrane

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21
Q

What is the value of one osmole?

A

6x10 to the 23 osmolyte particles

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22
Q

What effect does an osmole have on the activity of water?

A

decreases the activity of water

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23
Q

What is osmolarity a measure of?

A

the activity of water

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24
Q

What does osmolarity show?

A

the number of osmoles per unit volume of solution

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25
Q

what does an increase in osmolarity lead to?

A

a decrease in water activity

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26
Q

What is the osmotic coefficient?

A

degree of disassociation when a solute is placed in water

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27
Q

How can you calculate osmolarity?

A

osmotic coefficient x molar concentration of all osmolyte particles

28
Q

Define osmosis

A

flow of water molecules from an area of high water activity (lower osmolarity) to an area of lower water activity (higher osmolarity) across a semi-permeable membrane

29
Q

What does higher osmolarity mean in terms of solute particles?

A

there are increased solute particles

30
Q

What can the difference in osmolarity also be called?

A

osmotic pressure gradient

31
Q

Give 5 ways that osmosis could be stopped

A

place an impermeable membrane to both solute and water
place a membrane that is selectively permeable to the solute (has a reflection coefficient of 0)
add water to the compartment with higher osmolarity
add solute to the compartment with lower osmolarity
Increase the hydrostatic pressure

32
Q

What is the effect of placing a membrane that is selectively permeable to the solute that is creating the osmotic pressure gradient?

A

solute can flow through the membrane and will then remove the osmotic pressure gradient

33
Q

what effect will adding water have on the compartment with high osmolarity?

A

increase the activity of water and reduce the osmotic pressure gradient

34
Q

what effect will adding solute have on the compartment with lower osmolarity

A

decrease the activity of water and reduce the osmotic pressure gradient

35
Q

What effect does increasing hydrostatic pressure have?

A

increases activity of water

36
Q

What is the effective osmotic pressure?

A

actual osmotic pressure in a system

37
Q

What is the concerntration of normal saline?

A

0.9% NaCl

38
Q

What effect does bathing cells in 0.9% NaCl have?

A

no change in shape or size of cells

39
Q

What sort of solution is 0.9% NaCl?

A

isotonic

40
Q

What happens to cells bathed in an isotonic solution?

A

no net movement of water into or out of the cells by osmosis

41
Q

How does the activity of water in ICF compare to the activity of water in 0.9% NaCl solution?

A

they are equal to each other

42
Q

How does the EOP of ICF compare to the EOP of 0.9% NaCl solution?

A

they are equal

43
Q

What is 0.9% NaCl solution used for?

A

medical treatment of fluid loss

44
Q

What is the difference in osmolarity between 0.9% NaCl solution and 2.7% NaCl solution?

A

2.7% NaCl solution has higher osmolarity

45
Q

What happens to cells bathed in 2.7% NaCl solution?

A

shrink and become crenated, water flows out of cells by osmosis

46
Q

How does the activity of water in ICF compare to the activity of water in 2.7% NaCl solution?

A

Activity of water in ICF is higher

47
Q

How does the EOP of ICF compare to the EOP of 2.7% NaCl solution?

A

EOP of ICF is less than EOP of 2.7% NaCl solution

48
Q

What sort of solution is 2.7% NaCl?

A

hypertonic

49
Q

What happens to red blood cells bathed in distilled water?

A

they grow larger and then burst releasing haemoglobin

50
Q

What is the bursting of red blood cells and release of haemoglobin known as?

A

haemolysis

51
Q

What sort of solution is distilled water?

A

hypotonic

52
Q

What is the difference in water activity in ICF and distilled water?

A

activity is greater in distilled water than in ICF

53
Q

What does the difference in water activity between RBC and distilled water cause?

A

water flows into the RBC by osmosis

54
Q

How does the EOP of ICF compare to the EOP of distilled water?

A

EOP of ICF is greater than the EOP of distilled water

55
Q

Why would distilled water never be given through an IV?

A

would cause mass haemolysis of the RBC

56
Q

Define isosmotic

A

equal concentrations of impermeable solutes on each side of the semi permeable membrane

57
Q

What are two major osmolytes in the mammalian body?

A

sodium and chloride ions

58
Q

Define solute, solvent and solution

A

substance, liquid and mixed solute and solvent

59
Q

What happens to NaCl in solution?

A

dissociates into constituate ions

60
Q

Why doesnt double osmolarity occur in practice when a solute dissolves?

A

not all of the solute will dissolve into its constituent ions, some of them remain whole

61
Q

What is dissociation coefficient?

A

the degree to which a solute dissociates in a solution

62
Q

What is osmotic equilibrium?

A

no net movement of water across the semi permeable membrane

63
Q

What is the volume of a cell determined by?

A

movement of water

64
Q

What does the volume of a cell depend on?

A

relative EOP of ICF and ECF

65
Q

What is haematocrit?

A

In treated (non clotted) blood the ratio of volume of RBC to total volume (RBC and plasma)

66
Q

What does reduced ICF volume mean in terms of haematocrit?

A

reduced haematocrit

67
Q

What does increased ICF volume mean in terms of haematocrit?

A

increased haematocrit unless cells lyse

X Physiology 1A (9 decks)

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