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CCNA > OSI Model > Flashcards

OSI Model Flashcards

Understand the basics of the OSI model and Hybrid model

1
Q

What is the OSI model used for?

A

The OSI model is used to explain communication between devices in a network. This model is old and mostly outdated. This model was originally used for CLNS and CLNP.

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2
Q

Why was the OSI model created?

A

Before the OSI model there were older models controlled by individual vendors. Because of this, these devices might not be able to communicate effectively with each other.

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3
Q

What is the acronym for the OSI model? What are the layers of the OSI model?

A

Pimps Definitely Need To Slap Prostitutes Around

Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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4
Q

What are the Developer layers? What are the Network Engineer layers?

A

The Developer layers are the Application, Presentation, and Session layers. The Network Engineer layers are the Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical layers.

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5
Q

Name Layer 3. What is the PDU?

A

Network, packets

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6
Q

Name Layer 4. What is the PDU?

A

Transport, segments

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7
Q

Name Layer 1. What is the PDU?

A

Physical, bits

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8
Q

Name Layer 2. What is the PDU?

A

Data Link, frames

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9
Q

What advantages did the OSI model bring?

A

The OSI model created standards across development, interoperability, and split development

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10
Q

Describe the function of the Application layer. What do application protocols do?

A

Network processes to applications, provides access to users, provides user authentication, and identifies communication partners.
Protocols are used to communicate with lower layers such as: remote file/printer access, resource sharing, and directory services.

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11
Q

Describe the function of the Presentation layer. How is this done?

A

DATA REPRESENTATION/SYNTAX. Ensures that data can be read and understood by receiving systems (data is formatted to be presented to an application layer)
This is done by data being changed into a machine readable format because data is formatted differently across devices. Also provides encryption

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12
Q

Describe the function of the Session layer. What do session protocols do?

A

INTERHOST COMMUNICATION. Establishment, maintenance, and termination of sessions between applications (ensures that requests and responses works properly in a session).
Provides security, name recognition, and logging.

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13
Q

Describe the function of the Transport layer. Name two transport protocols?

A

END TO END COMMUNICATION. Message SEGMENTATION, splits messages to smaller units, ensures reliability.
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol
UDP = User Datagram Protocol

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14
Q

Briefly describe TCP. What layer is TCP on?

A 
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol
provides reliability
if packets dropped, will resend
establishes, maintains, and terminates virtual circuits.
TCP 3-way handshake
acknowledge of receipt of transmission 
TCP is on layer 4
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15
Q

Briefly describe UDP. What layer is UDP on?

A 
UDP = User Datagram Protocol
does not provide reliability 
if packet is dropped, will be lost
higher layer protocols account for reliability 
UDP is on layer 4.
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16
Q

Briefly describe Flow Control. What layer is Flow Control on?

A

manage data transmission
The RECEIVING system requests that sending system either speeds up or slows down transmission of data.
Flow Control is on layer 4.

17
Q

Briefly describe Session Multiplexing. What layer is Session Multiplexing on?

A

Session Multiplexing allows for multiplexing multiple streams of data or sessions with one logical link.
Session Multiplexing is on layer 4.

18
Q

Briefly describe VoIP?

A

VoIP = Voice-over Internet Protocol

Does not require re-transmission of packets.

19
Q

Describe the function of the Network layer. What is a layer 3 switch? Name 4 network protocols (Include most common protocol)?

A

WHERE ROUTERS/LAYER 3 SWITCHES RESIDE. Data delivery or packet routing (path determination and logical addressing).
Layer 3 switches have router capabilities (can route packets within VLANS)
OSPF = Open Shortest Path First
BGP = Border Gateway Protocol
IS-IS = Intermediate System to Intermediate System
IPv4 = Internet Protocol version 4

20
Q

Describe the function of the Data Link layer. What do Data Link layer protocols do? What identifier resides on this layer?

A

ACCESS TO MEDIA. Defines how data is formatted for transmission and how access to the network is controlled.
Ensures that data is formatted correctly for the upper layers for transmission access individual physical links (links can vary)
MAC addresses reside on this layer

21
Q

Briefly describe what the MAC address is. What are the two parts of the MAC address?

A

The MAC address is an identifier of a device that is unique to that device.
The two parts are the OUI = Organization Unique Identifier, and the unique portion for the a specific network interface card (NIC)

22
Q

Describe the function of the Physical layer. What do physical protocols do?

A

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CABLES. Physical characteristics of cables mean diff. specs and procedures will be used (Binary Transmission).

23
Q

Describe Host Communication. Describe Encapsulation/De-Encapsulation (add/remove to a sent/received data)?

A

PROCESS OF CONVERSION. Each layer only communicates with the equivalent layer.
Each layer adds that layers header. Layer 2 adds a layer 2 header and trailer.

24
Q

Name the PDUs of layer 1 through layer 4.

A

Layer 1 = Bits
Layer 2 = frames
Layer 3 = packets
Layer 4 = segments

25
Q

List the layers of the TCP/IP model. How do these layers compare to the OSI model?

A 
Application
Transport 
Internet 
Network Access
The TCP/IP Application layer is a combination of the Application, Presentation, and Session of the OSI model. The TCP/IP layer is the same as the Network layer of the OSI model. The TCP/IP Network Access layer is a combination of the Data Link and Physical layer.
26
Q

List the layers of the Hybrid model. How do these layers compare to the OSI model?

A

This is used in most real world scenarios.
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
The Hybrid Application layer is a combination of the Application, Presentation, and Session of the OSI model. The rest of the Hybrid model is the same as the OSI model.

27
Q

Describe the Type Number Process.

A

At layer 2. Based on the physical connection type, a type number will denote or specify the higher layer protocol. The NIC will read the type field. This type field informs the NIC whether it is IPv4, IPv6, etc.

28
Q

Describe the Protocol Number Process.

A

At layer 3 the protocol number informs the device which protocol is running at layer 4 (Most common types are TCP and UDP).

29
Q

Describe the Port Number Process.

A

At layer 4 the port number specifies the application being used (Telnet = Port 23, HTTP = Port 80, etc.).

CCNA (17 decks)

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