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CCNA > Ethernet Switching > Flashcards

Ethernet Switching Flashcards

1
Q

Access Mode

A

Forces a port to operate in access mode, typically configured on interfaces where end devices are connected. Access mode ports can be members of only one VLAN.

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2
Q

(STP) Blocking Port

A

A port that is administratively enabled on a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) switch, which is neither a Root Port nor a Designated Port.

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3
Q

(STP Convergence) Blocking State

A

During STP convergence, ports remain in the initial Blocking state for 20 seconds with traditional STP. In this state, the port received BPDUs only.

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4
Q

Bridge ID (BID)

A

A value used to determine the Root Bridge in a Spanning Tree Topology (STP) network. The BID is made up of the Bridge Priority and the switch MAC address.

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5
Q

Bridge Priority

A

A value assigned to every switch in a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) network, used to determine the Bridge ID (BID). By default, Cisco switches are assigned a Bridge Priority value of 32,768.

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6
Q

Building Access Layer

A

The layer in Cisco’s classic three-layer enterprise network model where end-user devices are connected. Ether

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7
Q

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

A

A Cisco-proprietary Layer 2 protocol used to discover information about adjacent CDP-enabled devices. CDP-enabled devices send and receive information from the multicast MAC address 0100-0ccc-cccc.

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8
Q

Content Addressable Memory (CAM) Table

A

A table found in Cisco Catalyst switches used for Layer 2 forwarding decisions, consisting device MAC addresses and the corresponding switch port to which they are connected. Also referred to as the MAC address table.

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9
Q

(STP) Designated Port

A

The port on each segment of a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) topology with the lowest cost to reach the Root Bridge. Each segment has only one Designated Port.

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10
Q

Discarding State

A

The port state in Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (Rapid PVST+) where data is not being forwarded on the port, similar to the Blocking state found in traditional STP implementation.

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11
Q

(STP) Dynamic Auto Mode

A

Configures a port to passively wait for trunk formation with any neighboring device that initiates the trunk negotiation. Successful trunk formation occurs if the neighboring interface is set to trunk or desirable. This is the default switchport mode for newer Cisco switches.

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12
Q

Dynamic Desirable Mode

A

Configures a port to actively initiate trunk formation with a neighboring interface. Successful trunk formation occurs if the neighboring interface is set to trunk, desirable, or auto mode.

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13
Q

Dynamic Trunk Protocol (DTP)

A

Used to negotiate forming a trunk between two Cisco devices, enabled by default on a Cisco switch.

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14
Q

End-to-End VLAN

A

A VLAN that is dispersed across multiple switches or buildings.

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15
Q

EtherChannel

A

A port aggregation technology used to logically bundle links together physical ports, creating a single virtual port. This technology provides increased bandwidth, load-balancing, and redundancy.

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16
Q

Forwarding Information Base (FIB)

A

A table found in multilayer switches that allows the device to perform Layer 3 forwarding based on destination IP addresses.

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17
Q

(STP Convergence) Forwarding State

A

During STP convergence, this is the final port state that allows for the forwarding of data.

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18
Q

IEEE 802.1Q

A

The standard defining a system of tagging VLAN frames for identification over a trunk, often referred to as Dot1q. Dot1q tagging adds 4 bytes to every VLAN Ethernet frame, except for native VLAN frames.

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19
Q

Layer 2 Switch

A

A type of switch that makes forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 MAC address information.

20
Q

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)

A

An open-standard protocol defined in IEEE 802.1ad, used to negotiate the automatic formation of EtherChannel.
Active, Passive modes

21
Q

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)

A

An open-standard Layer 2 neighbor discovery protocol defined by IEEE standard 802.1AB. LLDP-enabled devices use a variety of multicast MAC addresses for communication, all containing an OUI of 01-80-c2.

22
Q

(STP Convergence) Listening State

A

During STP convergence, BPDUs are being listened to on all interfaces during the Listening State. This is done in order to build the spanning tree, and learn who the Root Bridge is, the local Root Port, and so on. This state lasts for 15 seconds with traditional STP.

23
Q

Local VLAN

A

A VLAN that is localized to a single switch or building.

24
Q

Long Path Cost Method

A

An updated method for determining Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) path cost with high speed links. The formula for determining cost is 20 Tbps / Port Speed.

25
Q

Multilayer Switch

A

A type of switch that can make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 MAC address information or Layer 3 IP address information.

26
Q

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)

A

An IEEE 802.1s standard which maps multiple VLANs into the same spanning tree instance, supporting up to 16 instances Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP).

27
Q

Native VLAN

A

The only VLAN that is not tagged on a trunk link, set to VLAN 1 by default on a Cisco switch.

28
Q

Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)

A

The fist 24 bits of a MAC address, used to uniquely identify the device vendor or manufacturer.

29
Q

Path Cost

A

A 16-bit value give to a connection between Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) switches based on the bandwidth of the path between them.

30
Q

Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+)

A

A Cisco enhancement of STP that provides a separate 802.1D spanning-tree instance for each VLAN on the network.

31
Q

Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP)

A

A Cisco-proprietary protocol that facilitates the automatic formation of EtherChannel.
Auto, Desirable

32
Q

PortFast

A

A feature that causes a switch port to enter the STP forwarding state immediately once the link is up, bypassing the listening and learning states.

33
Q

Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (Rapid PVST+)

A

A Cisco enhancement of Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) which uses PVST+, and provides separate 802.1w RSTP instances for each VLAN on the network.

34
Q

(Rapid PVST+) Learning State

A

The port state in Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (Rapid PVST+) where the switch is learning MAC addresses available on the port. This is a combination of the Listening and Learning states found in traditional STP implementation.

35
Q

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

A

An IEEE 802.1w standard that addresses convergence issues found in the original STP implementation, with faster convergence when transitioning from blocking to forwarding states.

36
Q

Root Bridge

A

The switch in a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) topology with the lowest Bridge ID (BID).

37
Q

Root Port

A

On every non-Root Bridge in a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) topology, the Root Port is the port with the lowest cost to reach the Root Bridge.

38
Q

Short Path Cost Method

A

The legacy method used by many Cisco switches for assigning a Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) path cost. A 10 Mbps port has a cost of 100, a 100 Mbps port has a cost of 19, a 1 Gbps port has a cost of 4, and a 10 Gbps port has a cost of 2.

39
Q

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

A

A network protocol used to ensure a loop-free logical topology in Ethernet networks, defined by IEEE 802.1D.

40
Q

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Convergence

A

A feature used for recovering connectivity failures within an STP network. Switches transition through four port states in order to converge a failed network topology: Blocking, Listening, Learning, and Forwarding.

41
Q

STP Learning State

A

During STP convergence, the Learning state is used to populate the CAM table with the MAC addresses of connected nodes and the associated ports to which they are connected. This state lasts for 15 seconds with traditional STP.

42
Q

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM)

A

A table found in some switches that is used for faster address lookup and frame forwarding. Items stored here include security and quality of service (QoS) rules, allowing the switch processor to work more efficiently as opposed to individually processing access control list entries.

43
Q

Trunk

A

A port designated for carrying VLAN traffic between a switch and a Layer 3 device, allowing communication between the VLANs.

44
Q

Trunk Mode

A

Forces a port to operate as a trunk port, with the ability to carry traffic from multiple VLANs over the same physical connection. By default, trunk mode ports can carry traffic from all VLANs on a switch.

45
Q

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

A

Used on a switch to logically group interfaces into the same broadcast domain, providing Layer 2 separation.

46
Q

Standard VLAN Ranges

A

1 - 1005

47
Q

Extended VLAN Ranges

A

1006 - 4094

CCNA (17 decks)

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