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Network investigations - COMP40110 > OSI model > Flashcards

OSI model Flashcards

1
Q

What are nodes?

A

Devices which communicate on a network

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2
Q

What must a node do to communicate?

A

Cycle through a series of seven tasks (OSI model)

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3
Q

Why is OSI normally drawn in a stack?

A

Because each task depends on the one that comes before them

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4
Q

What does OSI stand for?

A

Open Systems Interconnection model

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5
Q

What does each layer do?

A

Serves the connection and communication needs between the layer above and below it

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6
Q

What is layer one?

A

The Physical layer

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7
Q

What is defined in the physical layer?

A

How the connection is made

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8
Q

What does the physical layer control?

A

The way raw bit streamed data is sent and received over a physical medium

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9
Q

What are some examples of things that are defined in the physical layer?

A
  • Type, quality and length of cable (copper or optic)
  • Type of connector (RJ45)
  • Pin configurations in connection
  • Radio freq (wireless connections)
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10
Q

What is the physical layers main concern?

A

With transmission and reception of raw bit streamed data over the physical medium

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11
Q

What are some examples of physical layer?

A

Cables, hubs, connectors

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12
Q

What is layer two?

A

The Data link layer

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13
Q

What is the job of the data link layer?

A

Sending and interpreting data signals on the physical connection

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14
Q

What does addressing do?

A

Ensures that every computer on a network is identified.

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15
Q

What is an example of a data link protocol?

A

Ethernet

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16
Q

What does Ethernet do?

A

A protocol which allows more than two nodes to be connected on the same network

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17
Q

What is a MAC address and how many bytes are they?

A

Stands for Media access control and is an address unique to each computer on a shared network. They are 6 bytes

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18
Q

What does a hub do?

A

It transmit data to all computers on a network

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19
Q

What does a switch do?

A

It learns which computer it connected to which port and only forwards traffic to the relevant port rather than all ports

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20
Q

What is the data link layer concerned with?

A

Providing error free transfer of data frames between nodes over the physical layer

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21
Q

What are some examples of data link layer?

A

Switches, NIC card

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22
Q

What is the 3rd layer on the OSI?

A

The Network layer

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23
Q

What does the network layer do?

A

Allows us to leave our network and communicate with another network somewhere else

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24
Q

What is routing?

A

Routing is finding the best possible path between two networks

25
Q

What is the most common network layer protocol?

A

IP (internet protocol)

26
Q

What two issues do we need to deal with when it comes to sending information to another computer on in the world?

A

Addressing and routing

27
Q

What does the subnet mask do?

A

It tells us if an IP address belongs to the local network or another physical network to determine if data is sent on network or to default gateway for routing.

28
Q

What is the IP address 127.0.0.1?

A

IP address my first network interface

29
Q

What does the network layer give us the ability to do?

A

Transfer data between two interconnected computer anywhere in the work

30
Q

What are some examples of network layer?

A

Router, IP, address mapping

31
Q

What does the network layer control?

A

Operations of the subnet deciding which physical path the data takes

32
Q

What is the job of the transport layer

A

Is to allow reliable communication between nodes. This is performed by TCP

33
Q

What is the best way to check for transmission errors?

A

Using checksums

34
Q

What happens in the transport layer so the recipient knows that the message has been received?

A

An acknowledge is sent back

35
Q

In the transport layer, what is used to ensure the packets are reassembled in the correct order?

A

Sequence numbers

36
Q

What are examples of protocols operating on the transport layer?

A

TCP, UDP (message management)

37
Q

What does the transport layer ensure?

A

That data is delivered error free, in sequence with no loss or duplication.

38
Q

What is layer number 5 in the OSI model?

A

The Session layer

39
Q

What does the session layer enable?

A

Multiple communication sessions with the same person at the same time

40
Q

What does a session layer enable a computer to do?

A

Distinguish between different types of connections such as emails and web

41
Q

How does a session layer enable different types of communication at the same time?

A

The use of concept of ports which is performed by TCP

42
Q

What is a session?

A

A specific conversation between two network nodes

43
Q

What four items do we need to properly distinguish a communication?

A
  • Source IP address
  • Source port
  • Destination IP address
  • Destination port
44
Q

What do you need to establish a connection to a remote network?

A
  • IP address

- Which port to connect to

45
Q

What the first 1024 ports reserved for?

A

For servers to listen on so they are not available as source ports

46
Q

What ports are allocated for:

  1. HTTP (Web)
  2. SMTP (Sending email)
  3. POP3 (Checking email)
  4. telnet (Remote computer)
  5. FTP (Upload/download files)
A
  1. 80
  2. 25
  3. 110
  4. 23
  5. 20 & 21
47
Q

What is the session layer responsible for?

A

Starting, maintaining and terminating communication sessions and managing logical ports

48
Q

What is the job of the presentation layer?

A

Making sure when data is delivered it will be understood by receiving computer

49
Q

How must computers on a network send bytes so they are understood by a receiving computer?

A

Using the byte network order

50
Q

What is the 7th layer on the OSI model?

A

The Application layer

51
Q

What is the job of the application layer?

A

To format the data correctly for transmission and to interpret it when its received by the destination machine

52
Q

What is a protocol on the application layer?

A

HTTP

53
Q

What does the application layer serve as?

A

As a window for users and application processes to access network services

54
Q

Which layer of the OSI model describes techniques for making sure that data is transmitted in a common format so that computers can understand each other?

A

Presentation

55
Q

Which layer of the OSI model describes protocols that are used by clients and servers to display data to the user in a human-recognizable format?

A

Application

56
Q

Which layer of the OSI model describes how to deliver traffic to any other computer on the Internet?

A

Network

57
Q

What are the two layers of the OSI model in which TCP is used?

A

Session and transport

58
Q

What is the main purpose of the OSI model?

A

To describe the functionality of networks

Network investigations - COMP40110 (20 decks)

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