IPV4 and IPV6

Question 1

How long are IPV4 addresses?

Answer 1

32 bits (4 bytes)

Question 2

What are the two parts to an IP address?

Answer 2

The host part and the network part

Question 3

What do nodes use a subnet mask for?

Answer 3

To identify which part of the IP address they have in common with all other nodes on a network

Question 4

Who is responsible for assigning IP addresses

Answer 4

The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

Question 5

What is the broadcast IP address?

Answer 5

255.255.255.255

Question 6

What IP address is used by a host which hasn’t been assigned an IP addresses yet?

Answer 6

0.0.0.0

Question 7

How many bits are IPV6 addresses?

Answer 7

128 bits long

Question 8

What is DHCP

Answer 8

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Question 9

What does DHCP do?

Answer 9

Allows PC’s to request an IP address from a server which is configured with a list of available IP addresses

Question 10

What else can DHCP servers be used to do?

Answer 10

Provide DNS and other gateway services

Question 11

What are the three ways a DHCP server can be configured?

Answer 11

• Dynamic
• Automatic
• Static

Question 12

What is dynamic DHCP allocation?

Answer 12

Range of IP addresses used for a controllable amount of time allowing to reclaim and reallocate addresses that are not renewed

Question 13

What is automatic DHCP allocation?

Answer 13

DHCP assigns an IP address to a requesting client and keeps a list of past IP addresses so it can reassign the same IP address in the past every time

Question 14

What is static DHCP allocation?

Answer 14

The DHCP server permanently allocates an IP address based on a pre-configured mapping to each clients MAC address.

Question 15

Why is DHCP so useful?

Answer 15

Because it means that administrators do not need to configure each PC individually

Question 16

What are the 4 phases of the DHCP negotiation?

Answer 16

• Server discovery
• IP offer
• IP request
• Lease acknowledgement

Question 17

How does the DHCP server discovery phase work?

Answer 17

A device being booted broadcasts on its local network to find a DHCP server. Using UDP on 255.255.255.255

Question 18

How does the DHCP IP offer phase work?

Answer 18

DHCP server sends an offer to the client with clients MAC address, IP address on offer, lease time and IP address of DHCP making offer.

Question 19

How does the DHCP IP request phase work?

Answer 19

The client chooses an IP address from ones on offer and send a DHCP broadcast requesting the IP address it wants to lease

Question 20

How does the DHCP lease acknowledgement work phase work?

Answer 20

When server sends recieves clients DHCP request packet it sends an acknowledgement of the lease and the DHCP process is complete

Question 21

What source, destination IP and port does a client use when requesting a DHCP request?

Answer 21

Source IP: 0.0.0.0 and port 68

Destination IP: 255.255.255.255 and port 67

Question 22

What is DNS?

Answer 22

An automated and distributed network of servers which translates domain names to IP addresses

Question 23

What is zero configure?

Answer 23

Where there is no DHCP server of manually configured IP address. Client will automatically assign an IP address and send out message to see if anyone else has same IP address on that network

Question 24

What do Microsoft, apple and linux use for zeroconfig?

Answer 24

Microsoft - APIPA
Apple - Bonjour
Linux - Avahi
In the 167.254.xx.xx range

Question 25

A class B network has how many possible addresses?

Answer 25

65,536