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Year 3 > OSCEs > Flashcards

OSCEs Flashcards

1
Q

causes of AF

A

THE ATRIAL FIBS

thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism)
hypertension/hypothermia
electrolyte imbalance
alcohol
thromboembolic disease (PE)
rheumatic heart disease
IHD
atrial dilatation/myxoma
lone (idiopathic)
fever (endocarditis, chest infection)
infarct/ischaemia
bad valves
stimulants
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2
Q

investigations for SVT

A

FBC, U&E, Mg, TFT, Glc
ECG
CXR, echo
24 hr cardiac tape

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3
Q

management of acute MI

A

ABCDE

ROMANCE

reassurance
oxygen - high flow
morphine + antiemetic
aspirin 300mg (antiplatelet)
nitrates (GTN spray/infusion)
clopidogrel 300mg (antiplatelet)
enoxaparin (anticoagulant)

consider: angioplasty
monitor: on CCU

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4
Q

investigations for ACS

A

FBC, U&E, lipids, Glc, cardiac enzymes (CK and trop)
ECG
CXR/echo

consider coronary angiography

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5
Q

causes of hypertension

A

primary (essential)

secondary:

  • renal
  • endocrine
  • drugs
  • CVS
  • other
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6
Q

renal causes of hypertension

A

renal artery stenosis
polycystic kidneys
glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

endocrine causes of hypertension

A

Cushing’s
Conn’s
phaeochromocytoma

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8
Q

examples of drugs that may cause hypertension

A

steroids

OCP

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9
Q

CVS causes of hypertension

A

coarctation of aorta

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10
Q

other causes of hypertension

A

pre-eclampsia

white coat syndrome

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11
Q

investigations for hypertension

A

FBC, U&E, lipids, Glc
ECG
CXR, consider echo and renal US
consider 24hr BP monitoring

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12
Q

drug choice for hypertension for under 55s

A
  1. ACEi
  2. ACEi + CCB
  3. ACEi + CCB + thiazide diuretic
  4. consider further diuretic, alpha/beta blocker + specialist advice
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13
Q

drugs choice for hypertension for over 55s/afrocaribbeans of any age

A
  1. CCB
  2. ACEi + CCB
  3. ACEi + CCB + thiazide diuretic
  4. consider further diuretic, alpha/beta blocker + specialist advice
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14
Q

Hx and exam of MI

A 
Hx:
central crushing chest pain
radiation to arms/jaw
nausea, vomiting
sweating
unwell
risk factors
Ex:
sweaty
cold
clammy
tachycardia
signs of shock/cardiac failure
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15
Q

Hx and exam of angina

A 
Hx:
central chest pain
\+/- radiation
known precipitant
alleviated by nitrates/rest

Ex:
tachycardia

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16
Q

Hx and exam of PE

A 
Hx:
sudden onset SOB
pleuritic chest pain
haemoptysis
risk factors
Ex:
non-specific
tachycardia
increased RR
signs of shock
pleural rub
17
Q

Hx and exam of pleurisy

A

Hx:
sharp, pleuritic chest pain
recent chest infection
systemic symptoms

Ex:
fever
signs of consolidation
pleural rub

18
Q

Hx and exam of pneumothorax

A

Hx:
sudden onset SOB
localised pleuritic chest pain
risk factors

Ex:
decreased air entry
increased RR
tracheal deviation (late sign)
signs of shock
19
Q

Hx and exam of aortic dissection

A 
Hx:
central tearing chest pain
radiation to back
nausea, vomiting
unwell
dizziness
risk factors
Ex:
BP variation between arms
radio-radial delay
absent pulses
signs of shock
neurological deficits
aortic regurgitation
20
Q

Hx and exam of pericarditis

A 
Hx: 
sharp central chest pain
relieved by sitting forward
systemic symptoms
recent viral illness
Ex:
fever
tachycardia
pericardial rub
signs of vasculitic disease
21
Q

Hx and exam of dyspepsia

A 
Hx:
burning central chest/epigastric pain
may radiate to back
food associations
exacerbated by lying flat

Ex:
epigastric tenderness

22
Q

Hx and exam of MSK chest pain

A

Hx:
injury
pain exacerbated by movement

Ex:
reproducible tenderness (not MSK cause specific)
23
Q

common cardiology investigations

A 
bloods:
FBC
U&E
lipids
Glc
CRP
cardiac enzymes (CK and trop)

ECG

imaging:
CXR
echo
TOE

Micro:
blood cultures

other:
24hr tape
exercise tolerance test
coronary angiography

24
Q

malar flush is a sign of…

A

mitral stenosis

25
Q

myotonic facies is a sign of…

A

cardiomyopathy

26
Q

marfanoid is a sign of…

A

aortic regurgitation

27
Q

splinter haemorrhages are a sign of…

A

endocarditis

28
Q

ankylosing spondylitis is a sign of…

A

aortic regurgitation

Year 3 (27 decks)

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