heart murmurs Flashcards
describe aortic stenosis
obstruction of LV outflow of blood due to narrowing of aortic orifice
aortic stenosis murmur
mid-systolic
ejection systolic
crescendo-decrecsendo
loudest over RUSB
aortic stenosis manœuvres
increase = squatting decrease = standing/sitting up and leaning forward
aortic stenosis murmur radiates to
carotid
describe mitral regurgitation
volume overload due to partial closure of mitral valve
mitral regurgitation murmur
pan-systolic
blowing holosystolic
loudest over apex
mitral regurgitation manoevres
increase = handgrip/squatting decrease = standing
mitral regurgitation murmur radiates to
left axilla
describe HOCM
hypertrophied inter ventricular septum
HOCM murmur
mid-systolic
harsh
crescendo-decrescendo
loudest over LLSB
HOCM manoevres
increase = standing decrease = handgrip/squatting
HOCM murmur radiates to
no carotid radiation
describe VSD
hole in ventricular septum
smaller defect = louder murmur
VSD murmur
holo-systolic
loud, high pitched, harsh
loudest over LLSB
VSD murmur manoevres
increase = squatting decrease = standing
VSD murmur radiates to
associated with palpable thrill
describe mitral valve prolapse
ballooning of part of mitral valve into LA
MVP murmur
mid-late systolic ejection click
loudest over apex
MVP manoevres
increase = standing decrease = handgrip/squatting
MVP murmur radiates to
N/A
describe S3
ventricular gallop
S3 sound
diastolic
‘kentucky’
loudest at apex
describe S4
atrial gallop
S4 sound
diastolic
‘tennessee’
loudest at apex
describe mitral stenosis
obstructed flow from LA to LV due to narrowed mitral orifice
mitral stenosis murmur
mid-diastolic opening snap rumbling decrescendo loud S1 loudest at apex
