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PCS 300 > OSCE revision > Flashcards

OSCE revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ranges of an ABI exam?

A

>1.3 = CALCIFIED VESSELS

  1. 9-1.3 = NORMAL
  2. 5-0.9 = CLAUDICATION
  3. 25-0.5 = REST PAIN

<0.25= IMPEADING TISSUE LOSS

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2
Q

What is Raynauds syndrome?

A
  • vasospastic functional condition results in numbness and pallor of extremities
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3
Q

what is the criteria for raynauds?

A
  • attacks precipitated by cold or stmuli
  • bilateral ivolvement
  • absence of gangrene
  • no underlying diseases
  • 2 year minimum symptoms
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4
Q

Which nerve fibers carry vibration, proprioception and sharp pain?

A

vibration -a beta

Proprioception -a alpha

Pain -a delta and C

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5
Q

What is beurers?

A
  • thrombus of arteries and veins
  • necrosis and gangrene
  • symptom may include Raynaud’s
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6
Q

Disability of peroneal nerve and tibial nerve?

A

Peroneal -foot drop, charcot marie tooth disease

Tibial nerve -tarsal tunnel syndrome, morton neuroma

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7
Q

what are the clinical signs of UMN disease?

A
  • exaggerated reflexes
  • dorsiflexion, Babinski sign
  • normal excitability
  • muscle wasting slowly
  • spasticity
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8
Q

what are the clinical signs of LMN disease?

A
  • low reflex -plantarflexion, Babinski sign
  • muscle twitching
  • rapid muscle wasting
  • reduce muscle power
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9
Q

what are the layers of the skin?

A
  • corneum
  • lucidium
  • granulosum
  • spinosum
  • basale
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10
Q

Define the following terms? rubor, calor, turgor, dolor

A

rubor

  • red calor
  • heat turgor
  • sweliing dolow
  • pain
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11
Q

how do verrucae form what are the classification and treatment?

A
  • caused by papillomaviruses of the HPV group classes:
  • vulgaris, mosaic, humida and arida

treatment:

-do nothing, cryotherapy, salicylic acid, electrotherapy

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12
Q

What is Reiters syndrome?

A

-conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

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13
Q

what does ABCDE stand for in malignant melanoma?

A

Asymmetry, not be same

Border, irregular edges

Color, not evenly colored

Diameter, >6mm across

Evolution, changed in size and shape

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14
Q

what are risk factors for Plantar melanomas?

A
  • high total naevus count
  • pre existing naevi on the soles
  • history of penetrating injury
  • exposure to agricultural chemicals
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15
Q

What are the Stages of HAV?

A

Stage 1 -lateral displacement of hallux at MTP joint

Stage 2 -actual abduction of the hallux, medial bump

Stage 3 -increase in intermetatarsal angle, hammering 2nd

Stage 4 -partial complete hallux dislocation at the MTP joint

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16
Q

What is Morton’s neuroma?

A
  • enlargement of nerves -tingling and burning sensation
  • caused by compression or trauma *metatarsalgia is nerve pain on the joint
17
Q

What is turf toe?

A

-sprain of the main joint of the big toe

18
Q

How to diagnose Type 2 diabetes?

A

BGL

  • Fasting >7mmol/L
  • Post prandial >11mmol/L
  • Random 4-11 mmol/L HbA1c
  • >6.5% *results should on two separate occasions
19
Q

What does LADA and MODY mean?

A

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

  • similar to type 1, very slow progression Maturity onset diabetes of Young
  • early onset of diabetes can be type 1 or 2
20
Q

What is the seven diagnostic criteria for RA?

A
  • morning stiffness -3 or more joints
  • hands first
  • symmetrical
  • nodules
  • RA factor
  • Radiographic changes
21
Q

what is the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in the foot?

A
  • joint stiffness and pain
  • splaying of forefoot
  • cock up toes
  • lateral shift of toes
  • contracture of extensor tendons
  • bursa development -HAV -nerve entrapment
22
Q

What are the clinical features of Gout?

A
  • 1st MTJ
  • very painful
  • untreated lasts up to 7 days
  • reoccurs
  • asymptomatic between attacks -tophi
23
Q

what is the function of the plantar fascia?

A
  • assist in propulsion and supination
  • shock absorbs
24
Q

what are the general mechanism of radiographic imaging?

A
  • X-ray, radiation beam -ultrasound, high frequency soundwaves
  • CT, high doses of x-ray radiation to production sectional views
  • MRI, use of magnetic fields and radio waves
  • nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceutical than is injected into the blood stream
  • angiography, radiographic imaging using radiation and iodine
25
Q

Name the X-ray views?

A

AP/mortise, talar mortise congruency

WB lateral, calcaneal inclination

Medial oblique, lateral column anatomy

Lateral oblique, medial column anatomy

harris and beath, calc stress fracture

broden views, Calc stress fracture

WB axial, Sesamoid degenerations

26
Q

What are the neurological tests we perform?

A
  • Motor:strength
  • Monofilament:LOPS -proprioception:vibration
  • Reflexes:nerve roots
  • neurological:symptoms (burning +tingling)
27
Q

what are the nerve roots of femoral and sciatic nerves?

A

Femoral

  • L2,L3 and L4 Sciatic nerve
  • L4, L5, S1-3
28
Q

What is this?

A

Lisfranc

29
Q

What is this?

A
30
Q

what is this?

A

Acute and chronic charcot foot

31
Q

what is this?

A

Avulsion fracture at base of 5th metatarsal

32
Q

what is this?

A

OA

33
Q

What is this?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

34
Q

what is this?

A

Gout

35
Q
A

PCS 300 (14 decks)

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