OSCE revision Flashcards
What are the ranges of an ABI exam?
>1.3 = CALCIFIED VESSELS
- 9-1.3 = NORMAL
- 5-0.9 = CLAUDICATION
- 25-0.5 = REST PAIN
<0.25= IMPEADING TISSUE LOSS
What is Raynauds syndrome?
- vasospastic functional condition results in numbness and pallor of extremities
what is the criteria for raynauds?
- attacks precipitated by cold or stmuli
- bilateral ivolvement
- absence of gangrene
- no underlying diseases
- 2 year minimum symptoms
Which nerve fibers carry vibration, proprioception and sharp pain?
vibration -a beta
Proprioception -a alpha
Pain -a delta and C
What is beurers?
- thrombus of arteries and veins
- necrosis and gangrene
- symptom may include Raynaud’s
Disability of peroneal nerve and tibial nerve?
Peroneal -foot drop, charcot marie tooth disease
Tibial nerve -tarsal tunnel syndrome, morton neuroma
what are the clinical signs of UMN disease?
- exaggerated reflexes
- dorsiflexion, Babinski sign
- normal excitability
- muscle wasting slowly
- spasticity
what are the clinical signs of LMN disease?
- low reflex -plantarflexion, Babinski sign
- muscle twitching
- rapid muscle wasting
- reduce muscle power
what are the layers of the skin?
- corneum
- lucidium
- granulosum
- spinosum
- basale
Define the following terms? rubor, calor, turgor, dolor
rubor
- red calor
- heat turgor
- sweliing dolow
- pain
how do verrucae form what are the classification and treatment?
- caused by papillomaviruses of the HPV group classes:
- vulgaris, mosaic, humida and arida
treatment:
-do nothing, cryotherapy, salicylic acid, electrotherapy
What is Reiters syndrome?
-conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
what does ABCDE stand for in malignant melanoma?
Asymmetry, not be same
Border, irregular edges
Color, not evenly colored
Diameter, >6mm across
Evolution, changed in size and shape
what are risk factors for Plantar melanomas?
- high total naevus count
- pre existing naevi on the soles
- history of penetrating injury
- exposure to agricultural chemicals
What are the Stages of HAV?
Stage 1 -lateral displacement of hallux at MTP joint
Stage 2 -actual abduction of the hallux, medial bump
Stage 3 -increase in intermetatarsal angle, hammering 2nd
Stage 4 -partial complete hallux dislocation at the MTP joint
What is Morton’s neuroma?
- enlargement of nerves -tingling and burning sensation
- caused by compression or trauma *metatarsalgia is nerve pain on the joint
What is turf toe?
-sprain of the main joint of the big toe
How to diagnose Type 2 diabetes?
BGL
- Fasting >7mmol/L
- Post prandial >11mmol/L
- Random 4-11 mmol/L HbA1c
- >6.5% *results should on two separate occasions
What does LADA and MODY mean?
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
- similar to type 1, very slow progression Maturity onset diabetes of Young
- early onset of diabetes can be type 1 or 2
What is the seven diagnostic criteria for RA?
- morning stiffness -3 or more joints
- hands first
- symmetrical
- nodules
- RA factor
- Radiographic changes
what is the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in the foot?
- joint stiffness and pain
- splaying of forefoot
- cock up toes
- lateral shift of toes
- contracture of extensor tendons
- bursa development -HAV -nerve entrapment
What are the clinical features of Gout?
- 1st MTJ
- very painful
- untreated lasts up to 7 days
- reoccurs
- asymptomatic between attacks -tophi
what is the function of the plantar fascia?
- assist in propulsion and supination
- shock absorbs
what are the general mechanism of radiographic imaging?
- X-ray, radiation beam -ultrasound, high frequency soundwaves
- CT, high doses of x-ray radiation to production sectional views
- MRI, use of magnetic fields and radio waves
- nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceutical than is injected into the blood stream
- angiography, radiographic imaging using radiation and iodine
Name the X-ray views?
AP/mortise, talar mortise congruency
WB lateral, calcaneal inclination
Medial oblique, lateral column anatomy
Lateral oblique, medial column anatomy
harris and beath, calc stress fracture
broden views, Calc stress fracture
WB axial, Sesamoid degenerations
What are the neurological tests we perform?
- Motor:strength
- Monofilament:LOPS -proprioception:vibration
- Reflexes:nerve roots
- neurological:symptoms (burning +tingling)
what are the nerve roots of femoral and sciatic nerves?
Femoral
- L2,L3 and L4 Sciatic nerve
- L4, L5, S1-3
What is this?
Lisfranc
What is this?
what is this?
Acute and chronic charcot foot
what is this?
Avulsion fracture at base of 5th metatarsal
what is this?
OA
What is this?
Rheumatoid arthritis
what is this?
Gout
