OS PO2 - Supporting with ADL’s Flashcards
How can a fall in oestrogen levels in perimenopause and a fall in testosterone in prostate cancer treatment be helped through a modified diet?
It will affect bone density, meaning they will require more vitamin D rich foods and possibly dietary supplements.
How do pancreas and liver function impact the function of other organs?
They convert the nutrients from food into a usable format for cells.
What is a PEG?
‘Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy’
A surgically placed feeding device with a two day recovery process in hospital, followed by a feeding regime for a couple weeks till a full feed.
The stomach wall is anchored to the abdomen wall, allowing food to bypass the mouth and oesophagus. This connects to a feeding tube.
Can be used to administer food and medication.
This is a longtime fix.
Who are PEGS suitable for?
- Weakness or paralysis of lips, tongue and larynx muscles
- Oesophagus or stomach cancers
- Dysphagia
Why is a PEG tube flushed before and after administration?
To prevent blockages.
What is a PEJ?
‘Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy’
PEG feeding expect the tube goes into the jejunum of the small intestine.
Who are PEJ’s suitable for?
Those who can’t handle food in their stomachs.
What is an NG feeding?
‘Nasogastric feeding’
A long feline tube inserted using a guide wire, down the nasal cannula into the stomach.
This is kept in place on the face with tape.
How is the placing of an NG tube tested?
By drawing stomach acid which should be a PH of 5 or below.
Why should an NG tube be in a different nostril each time it’s placed?
To prevent pressure sores.
What is NJ feeding?
‘Naso-jejunal feeding’
An NG into the jejunum instead of the stomach.
How do you confirm the placement of an NJ tube?
An x-ray.
Who are NG tubes suitable for?
- Dysphagia
- Can’t keep food down
- ED’s
Who are NJ gives suitable for?
- Can’t break down food in stomach
- Weak oesophagus
What is TPN?
‘Total Parenteral nutrition’
This is a formula given via drip (cannula) into a vein.
It is an individually catered recipe and relies on routine blood work.
Who is TPN suitable for?
- Had abdominal surgery
- Bowel obstruction
- Certain types of chemotherapy
What is an IV?
‘Intravenous infusion fluids’
Solution administered directly into the vein via a cannula (a small plastic tube).
IV fluids prevent and treat dehydration.
They provide fluids and nutrients.
What are signs and symptoms of poor nutrition?
- Weight gain and loss
- Poorly controlled diabetes
- Confusion
- Bone density reduction
- Vitamin deficiency
- Poor wound healing
- Infection risk
- Constipation
- Diarrhoea
What are signs and symptoms of inadequate hydration?
- Thirst
- Low urine output
- Confusion
- Falls
- Dry skin
- Dry mucosal membranes
- Low BP
- High HR
Why would a mobility risk assessment be carried out, despite the individual having good mobility?
To assess the risk of falls due to illness or environment as these can cause slips, trips and falls.
What is an oedema?
Fluid build up.
What is cellulitis?
Bacterial infection of the dermis.
What is the impact of excessive adipose tissue?
It will lack a supply of oxygenated blood, slowing the healing process of a wound.
What are the steps to gathering a medical history?
- Identify the presenting complaint
- History of complaint (how long, what makes it worse, is it associated with other symptoms)
- Past medical history
- Drug history
- Lola’s diet for social history
- Systems review (weight loss, fever, energy and appetite)
- Ideas, concerns and expectations
What is lola’s diet?
L - life (who they live with)
O - occupation
L - living activities
A - alcohol consumption
S - smoking history
What is an informal carer?
An unpaid carer, that is typical a friend, family member or neighbour of the individual.
What support can an informal carer offer?
- Advocacy
- Emotional and financial support
- Personal care
- Monitor medication
- Power of attorney
- Assistance with ADL’s
What is frailty?
When someone’s ability to cope is compromised due to increased vulnerability from age.
They’re more at risk of falls, disability, hospital admission and long term care.
What is deconditioning?
The process of becoming frail (reduction in mobility).
What age factors cause decline in muscle mass, bone density and strength?
- Muscle wasting
- Inactivity
- Changes in hormones
What is dementia?
A group of progressive conditions categorised by changes in memory, perception and verbal issues as a result of structural and chemical changes in the brain.
What causes dementia?
The loss of nerve cells that can’t be replaced.
As these nerve cells die, the brain shrinks.
What conditions make you more likely to get dementia?
- Age
- High BP cashing vascular dementia
- Arrhythmia
- Stroke
- Genetics
- Learning disabilities
What memory does dementia affect?
Short term, long term and sensory memory.
What support is available for people with dementia?
- Support therapies
- Counselling
- Planning
- Memory clinics
- Charities
What is the difference between dementia and delirium?
Dementia is progressive whereas delirium can be sudden.
Both can happen at the same time.
What is delirium?
A mental state characterised by confusion, disorientation and not being present in reality.
What are the similarities between depression and delirium?
- Hallucinations
- Withdrawal
- Disturbed sleep patterns
- Reduced ability to retain information
- Agitation
- Change in behaviour
Why is it important to diagnose dementia early?
- Can make plans
- The advocate can get to know them in lucidity
- Advanced care plan made
- Improve quality of life
- Appropriate medication can slow progression
