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Occupational Specialism (T-level Adult Nursing) > Core PO1 - Providing overall care > Flashcards

Core PO1 - Providing overall care Flashcards

1
Q

How can weight be a sign of good physical health?

A

Gaining and loosing weight can be an indicator that the patient is managing their condition well.

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2
Q

How can growth be a sign of good physical health?

A

It means that the patient is following their trajectory of height and weight.

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3
Q

How can a persons mobility indicate good physical health?

A

Post surgery patients are encouraged to walk around within 6 hours of waking up to reduce the risk of blood clots.

If this is done well it’s a sign that they are healing well.

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4
Q

How is independence a sign of good physical health?

A

This shows that they have the facilities to have independent.

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5
Q

Define a good sleep pattern?

A

Adults should have 7-9 hours of sleep a day, and wake up feeling rested and energised.

Women and children need more sleep.

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6
Q

What is a healthy menstrual cycle?

A

A consistent 28 day cycle.

However, between 21 and 45 days is normal.

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7
Q

How can you assess someone’s mood?

A

• Willingness to partake in activities
• Body language
• Communication
• Comparing their usual self to their current self
• Children may express themselves through drawing or playing
• Mood chart
• Mood journal

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8
Q

What is a mood chart?

A

A mood chart is a strip of faces, displaying different moods on a piece of paper.

The patient is asked to pinpoint which best represents them.

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9
Q

What are the 11 types of body language?

A

• Paralanguage
• Emblems
• Proxemics
• Facial expressions
• Haptics
• Ornaments
• Hand gestures
• Blocking
• Interest
• Pacifying
• Eye gaze

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10
Q

How can a deterioration of someone’s mental health, result in the deterioration of their physical health?

A

If a person has bad mental health, it may progress to self neglect.

They may neglect their hygiene, increasing the risks of things such as:
• Sickness
• Skin conditions
• Tooth decay
• Gum disease
• Respiratory infections
• UTI

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11
Q

What is a rising respiratory rate often a sign of?

A

It is often a sign of deterioration, however just before death it slows drastically.

Your respiratory rate can affect your ability to speak, your colour and may cause exhaustion.

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12
Q

What is delirium?

A

A decline in an individuals mental state, causing disorientation, paranoia, hallucinations and agitation.

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13
Q

How does haemorrhaging affect heart rate?

A

The heart rate INCREASES because the body tries to compensate for the blood loss.

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14
Q

How does hypotension affect heart rate?

A

The heart rate INCREASES to maintain blood pressure.

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15
Q

How does sepsis affect heart rate?

A

The heart rate INCREASES because the heart has to work harder to compensate for a lack of blood flow to vital organs.

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16
Q

How does a high temperature affect heart rate?

A

The heart rate INCREASES so more blood flows to the skin, to loose heat.

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17
Q

How does a low temperature affect heart rate?

A

The heart rate INCREASES because your vessels narrow to reduce heat loss, making it harder for blood to reach your heart, meaning it has to work harder.

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18
Q

How can drugs/ medication affect heart rate?

A

Some can DECREASE heart rate.

They may inhibit sinus node activity or the release of adrenaline.

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19
Q

What does capillary refill indicate?

A

This indicates blood flow.

It can show poor circulation, infection and organ function.

This can be taken on extremities, the lips or the chest.

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20
Q

Why is a normal blood pressure important?

A

An adequate blood pressure is essential for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

Therefor, organs are dependant on it.

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21
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Low blood oxygen levels.

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22
Q

Hypoxia can cause cyanosis, what is this?

A

The discolouration of the skin due to low oxygen levels.

23
Q

How can a persons urine output i dictate their cardiovascular status?

A

Blood is supplied to the kidneys, therefore a low urine output can indicate a low blood pressure.

This is because there is less blood available for filtration.

24
Q

What are the risks of a low urine output?

A

It can lead to a build up of waste products in the blood, causing:
• Nausea
• Vomiting

It can lead to fluid build up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath.

This build up of fluid can eventually damage the kidneys aswell.

25
Q

What is a risk of high urine output?

A

• Dehydration causing dizziness and nausea

26
Q

How can a persons appearance indicate deterioration?

A

• look pale or lethargic
• cyanosed colouring
• weight loss
• bloating
• frailty
• chapped lips
• facial redness due to vasodilation at the skins surface
• clammy
• nausea due to pain

27
Q

What can a change in someone’s mental health indicate about their health?

A

It may indicate physical issues or cause them.

28
Q

How should changes to someone’s health be recorded?

A

Any changes should be reported to a senior colleague and documented in the patients records.

This is helpful for monitoring and during handover.

29
Q

What does AVPU stand for and why is it important to know?

A

Alert, Voice, Pain and Unresponsive.

A patients alertness will affect their ability to communicate, meaning they can’t describe or locate their pain.

This can also be a cause of delirium.

30
Q

What is the visual analog pain scale?

A

Measuring pain intensity from 0-10 accompanied by faces.

31
Q

What is the numerical pain scale?

A

Rating pain from 1-10.

32
Q

When would you need to use moving and handling techniques?

A

If someone:
• Lacks mobility
• Is unconscious and therefore needs to be turned at regular intervals
• To prevent sores
• Arrives by ambulance and need to be moving into a bed from a hydraulic stretcher

33
Q

What is the TILE model?

A

This is a moving and handling model to prevent injury.

TASK - type of activity
INDIVIDUAL - staff capabilities
LOAD - size, shape, weight & surface type
ENVIRONMENT - surroundings

34
Q

What are the “5 manual handling principles?

A

• PLAN
• POSITION
• PICK
• PROCEED
• PLACE

35
Q

How would you prepare the environment to move and handle?

A

Ensure it’s free of hazards, have equipment at hand, check its condition and plan your approach.

36
Q

How do you promote independent when assisting someone who lacks mobility?

A

Encourage active participation.

37
Q

How should you preform a moving and handling task?

A

• Hold firmly
• Keep the weight close to your body
• Keep your back straight
• Knees bent
• Have an agreed countdown
• Safe staffing
• Use of aids

38
Q

What is a simple dressing?

A

This refers to a plaster or sterile pad.

39
Q

What technique is used to prevent cross contamination?

A

The aseptic technique.

40
Q

What is a risk of having a catheter?

A

UTI

41
Q

How can UTI’s be prevented in those who have catheters?

A

Good hygiene and a cleaning regime.

42
Q

How often should a stoma site be cleaned?

A

Daily.

43
Q

Define incontinence.

A

The involuntary loss of urine or faeces.

44
Q

Explain the importance of zinc and iron in the healing process.

A

Zinc helps make new tissue, helping the wound heal.

Iron maintains blood haemoglobin levels, helping the body heal.

45
Q

What food group can a person get zinc and iron from?

A

Protein.

46
Q

Why is vitamin C important in the healing process?

A

Vitamin C assists in the absorption of iron from foods.

However, the body doesn’t store vitamin C so the foods containing it should be eaten daily.

A patient should be encouraged to drink a glass of orange juice with their meal.

47
Q

How does drinking tea not help with the healing process?

A

It contains tannins which reduce iron absorption.

48
Q

What foods is protein found in?

A

Meat, fish and nuts.

49
Q

What foods contain vitamin C?

A

Oranges and green leafy veg.

50
Q

What can be done if an individual finds chewing painful or tiring?

A

They can be given softer foods.

51
Q

What can be done if an individual is at risk of choking?

A

They can have thickening formular prescribed.

52
Q

Give examples of assistive equipment used when eating.

A

• Thick cutlery handles (easier to grip)
• Spouted cups (prevent spilling)
• Cutlery at an angle (lack mobility)
• Plate guard (prevent spilling)

53
Q

What adaption can be made to a bed if someone has weak core muscles?

A

Introduce firm bed rails or a hoist if they’re not able to lift themself.

Occupational Specialism (T-level Adult Nursing) (5 decks)

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