Orthotics Flashcards
Q: What is the largest bone of the foot?
Calcaneus
Q: What bones form the arches of the foot?
Cuboid, navicular, and cuneiforms
Term: Arched part of the top of the foot between the toes and ankle
Instep
Content: Metatarsalgia
- Description
- Main symptoms
- Onset
- Sharp, short pain between toes near the MT heads
- Pain with walking/running
- Insidious
Content: Treatment for Metatarsalgia
MT head pad - place inside 1st-5th MT head at same angle as MT heads
Content: Planatar Fasciitis
- Description
- Daily Cycle
- If left untreated
- Inflammation of the plantar fascia
- Night/Morning = stiff from being in a shortened position;
Day = stretched out/relaxed
- Become chronic and requires surgery
Q: What is the most important part of plantar fasciitis treatment?
Pt. Compliance
Content: Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis (4)
- Deep massage several times a day
- Stretching includes toes
- Ice massage
- Night splint
Q: Who is most susceptible to achilles tendonitis?
30-45 yo (middle aged) men
Q: What aspect of a shoe can be changed for Achilles tendonitis?
The CANT (make it less than 90 degrees) or add a heel lift
Q: What is the CANT of a shoe?
The angle of the back of the shoe compared to the ground
T/F: Having a pronated or supinated foot effects the position of the Achilles Tendon.
True - runs in a curved motion
Q: Excess pronation in toe off puts compression on what part of the ankle?
Lateral
T/F: Excessive pronations can cause achilles subluxation.
False: Peroneal
T/F: The more pronated the ankle the more prone to achilles and peroneal tendonitis.
True
Q: What is the most common type of ankle sprain?
Lateral
Q: What type of shoe/orthotic is used with grade 2 or 3 ankle sprains?
Lateral posting
Content: Early and Often treatment for Ankle Sprain (7)
- Ice
- Compression
- Elevation
- 90 Degrees
- WBAT
- Early motion as tolerated
- Heel strike to toe off regardless of the amount of motion
Q: A supinated foot is more prone to what two injuries?
Lateral sprain, Achilles tendonitis (?)
Q: Where do stress fx in the foot typically occur?
5th MT
T/F: Pronation is a normal movement of the mechanics of the ankle.
True, but not an excessive amount
T/F: A pronated ankle results in a smaller Q angle, causing the patella to ride up medially.
False, larger, laterally
Content: Rigid Orthotics
- Difficult to adjust
- Cover 3/4 of the length of the foot
- Movement only occurs at MT heads
- Do not allow for normal full foot motion
T/F: A cushion for the shoe provides arch support.
False, if any is provided it is due to the shape of the midsole of the SHOE, not the insert
Q: What type of orthotics allows support and kinematic movement of the arches?
Semi Rigid
T/F: The purpose of orthotics is to put the foot in a position that can not be attained through natural movement.
False an orthotic should never position the foot in any position that cannot be attained through natural movement
Defn: Pump Bump
Calcification under the achilles tendon
Defn: Turf Toe
Sprain to the ligaments around the big toe joint
Content: Treatment for Turf Toe
Carbon fiber plate or taping
Q: Who are bunions more common in?
Women or those who push off medial foot
Q: When do men and women’s feet stop growing?
Men = 18-19
Women = 16
Content: Describe the following types of shoes
- Neutral
- Stability
- Motion Control
- EVA all over, if arch support is added provide support but don’t stop pronation
- Medial and hind foot have been built up
- For pronated/flat foot, more stability on the mid foot
Content: What to look for when buying shoes (3)
- Should feel like your not wearing a shoes
- Shouldn’t need to break them in
- SIZE - use your bigger foot, want half to full size larger (feet swell throughout day)
Content: Shoe Drop
- Normal drop is 10-12 mm
- Barefoot running drop is 0-4mm
Q: What is the supposed advantage of bare foot running
Strike more on forefoot > better posture > less respiratory effort
T/F: Shoes correct over pronation
False: can stop you from excessive crushing the medial shoe, but would require an orthotic to address the over pronation
