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PTRS 745 Exam 2 > Ankle & Foot > Flashcards

Ankle & Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Diagram: Identify the Lateral Ligaments

A

1. Anterior tibiofibular

2. Anterior talofibular (Most commonly Injuried)

3. Calcaneofibular

  1. Lateral talocalcaneal
  2. Interosseous talcalcaneal
  3. Cervical talocalcaneal
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2
Q

Diagram: Identify the Medial Ligaments

A
  1. Superficial Deltoid
  2. Plantar Calcaneonavicular
  3. Deep Plantar
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3
Q

Content: Main Functions of the Foot (3)

A
  1. Adapt to ground surfaces
  2. Shock absorption
  3. Rigid lever to propel body (during heel off/end of stance)
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4
Q

Q: What 3 bones are involved in the talocrural joint?

A
  1. Distal tibia
  2. Distal fibula
  3. Talus
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5
Q

Content: Normal Range at Talocrural Joint

  1. PF
  2. DF
A
  1. 0-50
  2. 0-20
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6
Q

Content: Talocrural Joint Arthrokinematics

  1. PF - roll and glide
  2. DF - roll and glide
A
  1. Roll posterior, glide anterior
  2. Roll anterior glide posterior
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7
Q

Q: What motion occurs at the subtalar joint?

A

Pronation(Eversion)/Supination(Inversion)

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8
Q

Content: Normal Range at Subtalar Joint

  1. Pronation/Eversion
  2. Supination/Inversion
A
  1. 0-10
  2. 0-30
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9
Q

Content: Surface of the subtalar joint

  1. Anteriorly
  2. Posteriorly
A
  1. CONVEX talus, CONCAVE calcaneous
  2. CONCAVE talus, CONVEX calcaneous
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10
Q

Q: At the anterior portion of the subtalar joint roll and glide are in the __________ direction, at the posterior portion of the subtalar joint roll and glide are in the ___________ direction.

A

same, opposite

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11
Q

Q: What portion of the subtalar joint dominants in our view of arthrokinematics?

A

Anterior (roll and glide the same)

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12
Q

Content: Anterior Subtalar Joint Arthrokinematics

  1. Pronation/Eversion
  2. Supination/Inversion
A
  1. Lateral roll and glide
  2. Medial roll and glide
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13
Q

Content: Posterior Subtalar Joint Arthrokinematics

  1. Pronation/Eversion
  2. Supination/Inversion
A
  1. Lateral roll and Medial glide
  2. Medial roll and Lateral glide
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14
Q

Content: Talonavicular Joint Arthrokinematics

  1. Supination
  2. Pronation
A
  1. Plantar/medial roll and glide
  2. Dorsal/lateral roll and glide
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15
Q

Content: MTP/IP Arthrokinematics

  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
A
  1. Plantar roll and glide
  2. Dorsal roll and glide
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16
Q

Content: Talocrural Joint

  1. Resting Position
  2. Close Packed Position
A
  1. 10 PF, midway b/t inversion/eversion
  2. Max DF
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17
Q

Content: Subtalar Joint

  1. Resting Position
  2. Close Packed Position
A
  1. Pronation
  2. Supination
18
Q

Q: Squatting assesses the functionality of what at the ankle?

A

DF

19
Q

Q: Heel raises assesses the functionality of what at the ankle?

A

PF

20
Q

Content: Grade 1 Ankle Sprain (5)

A
  1. < 25% tearing
  2. Mild pain/swelling
  3. No instability
  4. Potential to WB
  5. 7-14 days of activity loss
21
Q

Content: Grade 2 Ankle Sprain (5)

A
  1. 26-75% tear
  2. Moderate pain/swelling
  3. Loss of ROM, slight instability
  4. PWB
  5. 2-6 wks of activity loss
22
Q

Content: Grade 3 Ankle Sprain

A
  1. Total disruption of ligament
  2. Severe pain/swelling
  3. Loss of ROM and instability
  4. NWB
  5. 4-26 wks of activity loss
23
Q

Diagram: Ankle Sprain Grade Table

A
24
Q

Q: What percent of pts. who suffer ankle sprains develop funtional ankle instability?

A

30-50%

25
Q

Content: Rearfoot Leg Orientation - Normal (4)

A
  1. Lower leg vertical
  2. STJ neutral
  3. Calcaneus on surface
  4. MT heads on surface
26
Q

T/F: The Calcaneus and MT heads are perpendicular in normal rearfoot alignment.

A

True

27
Q

Q: How is rearfoot varus compensated for?

A

STJ Pronates and calcaneus vertical

28
Q

Q: How is an forefoot varus compensated for?

A

STJ pronated, everted calcaneous, forefoot on surface

29
Q

Content: Gait associated with Rearfoot varus (3)

A
  1. Heel strik and WB with excessive pronation
  2. Increased tibial IR
  3. Delayed tibial ER
30
Q

Content: Gait associated with Forefoot varus (3)

A
  1. Excessive mobility in midstance and propulsion
  2. Decreased supination
  3. Makes foot lever arm less effective
31
Q

Content: Possible orthopedic conditions in fore/rearfoot varus (6)

A
  1. Plantar fasciitis
  2. Metatarsalgia (nerve issue)
  3. Hallus valgus
  4. Callus formation (2nd/3rd MT head)
  5. Overuse
  6. Increase tibial IR
32
Q

Q: How is forefoot valgus compensated for?

A

STJ supinated, inverted calcaneous, forefoot stabile

33
Q

Content: Deficits of STJ supination

A
  1. Decreased shock absorbing function
  2. Increase risk of ankle sprain
34
Q

Q: When does the subtalar joint evert/invert during the gait cycle?

A

Evert - loading response

Invert - Toe off

35
Q

Defn: Forefoot equinus

A

Lower leg 10 degrees forward of vertical

36
Q

Q: What are the compensations for forefoot equinus

A

Increase pronation and knee hyperextension

37
Q

Content: Identify the bones in the

  1. Hind or rearfoot
  2. Midfoot
  3. Forefoot
A
  1. Fibula, Tibia, Taluz, Calcaneus
  2. Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms
  3. MT, Phalanges
38
Q

Q: What test is used to test the anterior talofibular ligament?

A

Anterior Drawer

39
Q

Q: What test is used to test the calcaneofibular ligament?

A

Talar tilt

40
Q

Q: What 3 motions is supination a combination of?

A

Add, IR, PF

41
Q

Q: What 3 motions is pronation a combination of?

A

Abd, ER, DF

42
Q

Content: Common Symptoms with Ankle/Foot Problems

A
  1. Pain - related to injury of ligament, tendon, pinching of nerve/soft tissue
  2. Instability - due to post ligament injury
  3. Hypomobility - can be due to fx, scar tissue build up

PTRS 745 Exam 2 (12 decks)

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