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Orthopedic Tests Flashcards

1
Q

50% of what ROMs in the C-spine occur between the occiput and C1?

A

Flexion and Extension

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2
Q

50% of what ROMs in the C-spine occur between C1 and C2?

A

Rotation

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3
Q

Positive and indication: Bakody’s Test

A

Relieves pain

IVF encroachment

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4
Q

Positive and indication: Rotational Cervical Compression

A

Radicular pain = NR Compression

Local pain = facet syndrome

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5
Q

Positive and indication: Jackson’s Compression

A 
Radicular = NR Compression
Local = Facet Syndrome
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6
Q

Positive and indication: Max Cx Compression

A 
Radicular = NR Compression
Local = Facet syndrome
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7
Q

Positive and indication: Cx Distraction

A

Decreased P = NR compression

Increased P = Sprain/Strain

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8
Q

Positive and indication: Shoulder depression

A

Pain = NR Adhesion

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9
Q

How do you perform Soto hall?

A

Pt supine, doc places one hand on the sternum and passively flexes the patient’s head towards the chest

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10
Q

Positive and indication: Soto Hall

A

Local pain anteriorly = fracture

Local pain posteriorly = ligament damage

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11
Q

How is Spurling’s Test performed?

A

Patient actively maximally rotates and laterally flexes to the affected side, the doctor delivers a vertical blow to the top of the patient’s head

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12
Q

Positive and indication: Spurling’s Test

A

Pain in the neck, shoulder, or arm = SOL

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13
Q

Positive and indication: Valsalva

A

Radicular pain = SOL

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14
Q

How is Naffziger’s Test performed?

A

Patient sits upright while doc puts a BP cuff around the pt’s neck and pumps to 40mm/Hg and holds for 30 seconds. If no pain, patient is instructed to cough

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15
Q

Positive and indication: Allen’s test

A

Delay of >10s of blood return = occlusion of the corresponding artery

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16
Q

Positive and indication: Adson’s

A

Alteration in amplitude of radial pulse = Cervical rib

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17
Q

Positive and indication: Costoclavicular/Eden’s

A

Alteration in amplitude of radial pulse = compression between 1st rib and clavicle

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18
Q

Positive and indication: Wright’s/Hyperabduction

A

If pulses are lost with more than 10º difference = Pec Minor Syndrome

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19
Q

Positive and indication: Halstead’s

A

Alteration in the amplitude of the radial pulse = Cervical rib

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20
Q

What is Bikele’s Sign?

A

Patient actively abducts the shoulder to 90º with the elbow flexed to 90 and then extends the shoulder, then extends the elbow

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21
Q

Positive and indication: Bikele’s Sign

A

Increased radicular pain = TOS/Brachial plexus neuritis/meninges leaves irritation

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22
Q

Positive and indication: Roo’s Test

A

Reproduction of symptoms = TOS

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23
Q

What is the most frequently torn rotator cuff muscle?

A

Supraspinatus

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24
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles insert at the lesser tubercle?

A

Subscapularis

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25
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles insert at the greater tubercle?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

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26
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles are responsible for abduction?

A

Supraspinatus

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27
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles are responsible for internal rotation?

A

Subscapularis

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28
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles are responsible for external rotation?

A

Infraspinatus and Teres Minor

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29
Q

What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?

A

Serratus anterior

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30
Q

What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?

A

Trapezius and levator scapulae

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31
Q

What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?

A

Rhomboid major and minor

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32
Q

Positive and indication: Apley’s

A

Pain/Decreased ROM = Degenerative tendonitis of RTC

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33
Q

Positive and indication: Codman’s Arm Drop

A

Inability to maintain arm position = Supraspinatus tear

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34
Q

Positive and indication: Dugas

A

Unable to perform = Acute shoulder dislocation

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35
Q

What is Dawbarn’s Test?

A

Deep palpation of the subacromial bursa, without moving the fingers passively abduct the patient’s arm

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36
Q

Positive and indication: Dawbarn’s

A

Reduction of pain = subacromial bursitis

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37
Q

Positive and indication: Yergason’s

A

Audible click in bicipital groove = bicipital tendon instability

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38
Q

What muscle is affected by lateral epicondylitis?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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39
Q

What muscle is affected by medial epicondylitis?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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40
Q

Positive and indication: Cozen’s

A

Pain in the lateral elbow = lateral epicondylitis

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41
Q

Positive and indication: Reverse Cozen’s

A

Medial epicondylitis

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42
Q

Positive and indication: Mill’s

A

Pain in the lateral elbow = Lateral epicondylitis

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43
Q

Positive and indication: Tinel’s at the wrist

A

Tingling into lateral 3 fingers = Carpal tunnel

Tingling into medial 2 fingers = ulnar nerve impingement

44
Q

Positive and indication: Froment’s paper sign

A

Unable to keep paper between fingers = ulnar nerve palsy

45
Q

Positive and indication: Straight leg raise

A

Pain down affected side = sciatica, disc, or lumbar lesion

46
Q

Positive and indication: Braggard’s

A

Pain in affected leg = sciatica

47
Q

How is braggard’s performed?

A

After pain is elicited with SLR, lower the leg below the point of discomfort and sharply dorsiflex the foot

48
Q

How is Sicard’s performed?

A

Perform SLR, drop 5 degrees and dorsiflex big toe

49
Q

Positive and indication: Sicard’s

A

Pain in affected leg = Sciatica

50
Q

What is Turyn’s Sign?

A

While the patient is supine the doctor dorsiflexed the big toe. Pain in the affected leg indicates sciatica

51
Q

How is Fajerstazn’s performed?

A

SLR with dorsiflexion of the foot on the asymptomatic side

52
Q

Positive and indication: Fajerstazn’s/Well-Leg-Raise

A

Pain down symptomatic side = Medial Disc Lesion

53
Q

What is the DSLR also known as?

A

Millgram’s Test

54
Q

Positive and indication: Millgram’s

A

Pain = SOL

55
Q

Positive and indication: Goldthwait’s

A

Pain 0-30 = SI Joint
Pain 30-60 = L/S joint
Pain 60-90 = Lumbar spine or contralateral SIJ

56
Q

What is Lindner’s Sign?

A

Patient’s head is passively flexed to the chest

57
Q

Positive and indication: Lindner’s Sign

A

Pain in the lumbar spine radiating to the sciatic nerve = Root Sciatica

58
Q

Positive and indication: Bowstring

A

Pain in the lumbar region or radiculopathy = Sciatica

59
Q

How is Bonnet’s performed?

A

Supine patient, doctor internally rotates and adducts leg and then performs SLR

60
Q

Positive and indication: Bonnet’s

A

Radicular pain into the limb = piriformis syndrome

61
Q

What does a decrease in pain with Belt Test indicate?

A

Lesion is in the pelvis

62
Q

Positive and indication: Kemp’s Test

A

Sciatic pain down the involved side = disc

63
Q

What does a + Kemp’s away from the side of pain indicate?

A

Posteromedial disc

64
Q

What does + Kemp’s into the side of pain indicate?

A

Posterolateral disc

65
Q

What is Neri’s Bowing?

A

When bending forward from the waist the knee flexes on the side of involvement indicating tight hamstrings

66
Q

How is Becterew’s Performed?

A

Patient is seated and attempts to extend each leg one at a time. Doc places one hand on the side being tested to resist hip flexion by the patient. Patient then attempts to extend both legs together with both thighs stabilized by the doctor

67
Q

Positive and indication: Becterew’s

A

Pain or leaning back = disc (posteromedial disc if pain with good leg raised)

68
Q

Positive and indication: Ely’s

A

Radicular pain = Lumbar NR adhesion

69
Q

Positive and indication: Nachlas

A

Pain in LS joint = LS lesion

70
Q

Positive and indication: SI Tests

A

Pain in the SIJ = SI lesion

71
Q

Positive and indication: FABERE?

A

Pain in the hip = hip lesion

72
Q

Positive and indication: Laguerre’s

A

Pain in hip = Hip joint lesion

73
Q

Positive and indication: Thomas Test

A

Opposite thigh/knee rises off the table = hip flexion contracture

74
Q

Positive and indication: Allis

A

Significant difference = femur shortening

75
Q

Positive and indication: Ortolani

A

Palpable/audible click = congenital hip dislocation

76
Q

Positive and indication: Barlow’s

A

Deep-sounding thunk = Congenital hip dysplasia

77
Q

Positive and indication: Ober’s

A

Knee stays elevated = TFL contracture

78
Q

Positive and indication: Ely’s Sign

A

Pain = rectus femoris contracture

79
Q

Positive and indication: Ely’s Test

A

Pain = Hip lesion or Iliopsoas irritation or inflamed lumbar NR

80
Q

Positive and indication: Valgus Stress Test (Knee)

A

Pain = MCL involvement

81
Q

Positive and indication: Varus stress test (knee)

A

Pain = LCL involvement

82
Q

When performing Apley’s Distraction Test, how do you know which collateral ligament is being tested?

A

The heel points in the direction of the one being tested

83
Q

Positive and indication: Slocum’s Test

A

Pain or Joint Laxity = ACL & MCL or LCL

84
Q

Positive and indication: Lachman’s

A

Soft end feel = ACL instability

85
Q

Positive and indication: McMurray

A

Painful click = meniscus
IR = lateral meniscus
ER = medial meniscus

86
Q

Positive and indication: Apley’s Compression

A

Pain in knee = Meniscal tear

87
Q

Positive and indication: Bounce Home

A

Incomplete extension = torn meniscus

88
Q

How is Wilson’s test performed?

A

Seated patient actively extends their flexed knee with the tibia internally rotated, and then again externally rotated. If pain decreases with external rotation = OCD

89
Q

What is Dreyer’s Test?

A

Supine patient is asked to raise their extended leg, but is unable to, doctor then applies pressure to the quadriceps and patient can lift the leg = Fractured patella

90
Q

What is the clinical term for the birth defect seen where the heel is elevated and foot is turned inward?

A

Talipes Equinovarus (clubfoot)

91
Q

In patients with Pes Planus, what direction does the talar head displace?

A

Medially and plantarward

92
Q

Positive and indication: Anterior Foot Drawer Test

A

Talus slides forward = Anterior Talofibular Ligament Instability

93
Q

Positive and indication:

Medial/Lateral stability test

A

Excessive gapping during inversion = Anterior Talofibular or Calcaneofibular ligament tear
Excessive gapping during eversion = Deltoid ligament tear

94
Q

How is burn’s bench test performed?

A

Patient is instructed to kneel on a table 18 inches form the floor, bend forward at the trunk and touch the floor while the doctor holds the ankles

95
Q

Positive and indication: Burn’s Bench Test

A

Patient refuses to perform = malingering

96
Q

How is Hoover’s sign performed?

A

Patient is supine and the doctor places one hand under each heel and asks the patient to lift the affected limb

97
Q

Positive and indication: Hoover’s Sign

A

Dr. Doesn’t feel the unaffected side pressing downward

98
Q

How is Lasegue’s Sitting Test Performed?

A

Patient is sitting upright on the edge of a table or chair which has no back rest. Examiner extends the patients legs below the knee one at a time until the limb is parallel with the floor, under the guise of checking circulation

99
Q

Positive and indication: Lasegue’s Sitting

A

No pain where there had been a +SLR

100
Q

How is Magnusson’s performed?

A

At the beginning of the case history a patient is asked to point to the site of pain on the back, it is marked with a skin pencil. Later on the patient is asked again to point to the site of pain

101
Q

What is Mannkopf’s Sign?

A

Doc takes resting pulse rate, then applies pressure over painful area and takes pulse rate again. An increase of at least 10 bpm indicates the patient is not a malingerer

102
Q

What is considered a positive for chest expansion test in females? Males?

A

Less than 1.5” (F)

Less than 2” (M)

103
Q

What is Amoss Sign?

A

Patient is asked to go from a side-lying position to a seated position

104
Q

Positive and indication: Amoss Sign

A

Localized TL pain and/or lack of ROM = AS, IVD syndrome, or severe sprain/strain

105
Q

When evaluating CSF composition an increase in what compound indicates virality?

A

Protein

106
Q

When evaluating CSF composition, decrease in which compound indicates bacteriality?

A

Glucose

107
Q

What is the clinical term for resisted range of motion testing?

A

O’Donohue’s Test

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