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Neuromusculoskeletal Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is CN 1?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What is CN 2?

A

Optic

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3
Q

How is CN 2 tested?

A

Snellen Chart for vision
Direct and Indirect Light Reflex
Accommodation

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4
Q

What nerves are tested with the six cardinal fields of gaze?

A

3, 4, and 6

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5
Q

What muscles are innervated by CN 3?

A

Levator palpebrae, inferior oblique, superior/medial/inferior rectus. Ciliary muscles and constrictor papillae

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6
Q

What muscles do CN 4 innervate?

A

Superior oblique

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7
Q

What muscles are innervated by CN 5?

A

Muscles of mastication

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8
Q

What reflexes are coordinated by CN 5?

A

Corneal
Jaw Jerk
Oculocardiac

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9
Q

Where does CN 5 provide sensory innervation to?

A

Face and anterior 2/3 of the tongue

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10
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia also known as?

A

Tic Douloureaux

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11
Q

What is CN 6?

A

Abducens

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12
Q

What muscle is innervated by CN 6?

A

Lateral rectus

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13
Q

What is the key distinguishing factor between Bell’s palsy and stroke?

A

Forehead will be able to wrinkle with stroke

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14
Q

What is the sensory innervation of CN 7?

A

Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

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15
Q

What muscles are innervated by CN 7?

A

Muscles of facial expression

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16
Q

What is CN8?

A

Vestibulocochlear

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17
Q

What is CN9?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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18
Q

What reflexes is CN9 responsible for?

A

Gag
Uvula
Carotid

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19
Q

What muscles are innervated by CN9?

A

Stylopharyngeus to elevate pharynx and larynx

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20
Q

What is CN 10?

A

Vagus

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21
Q

What is CN11?

A

Spinal Accessory

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22
Q

What is CN 12?

A

Hypoglossal

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23
Q

What muscles are innervated by CN12?

A

Tongue muscles

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24
Q

What is Westphal’s Sign?

A

Absence of any DTR

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25
Q

DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Jaw Jerk

A

Trigeminal

CN 5

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26
Q

DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Biceps

A

Musculocutaneous

C5

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27
Q

DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Brachioradialis

A

Radial

C6

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28
Q

DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Triceps

A

Radial

C7

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29
Q

DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Patellar

A

Femoral

L4

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30
Q

DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Medial Hamstring

A

Sciatic

L5

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31
Q

DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Achilles

A

Tibial

S1

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32
Q

Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Corneal

A

CN V

CN VII

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33
Q

Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Pharyngeal

A

CN IX

CN X

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34
Q

Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Cremasteric

A

Femoral nerve

Genitofemoral nerve

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35
Q

Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Geigel’s

A

Femoral

Genitofemoral

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36
Q

Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Plantar

A

Tibial

Tibial

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37
Q

Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Abdominal

A

T7-T12

T7-T12

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38
Q

Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Beevor’s

A

T7-T12

T7-T12

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39
Q

Where does the gallbladder refer to?

A

Right shoulder

Inferior scapula

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40
Q

Where does the pancreas refer?

A

Spine at T10 level

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41
Q

Where does the heart refer?

A

Left shoulder and medial left arm

42
Q

Where do the intestines refer to?

A

Periumbilical

43
Q

Where does the appendix refer to?

A

Early: Epigastric
Late: RLQ

44
Q

Where does kidney refer to?

A

Flank

45
Q

Where does ureter refer to?

A

Groin

46
Q

Where does the bladder refer to?

A

Suprapubic area

47
Q

What are the two types of median nerve entrapment?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Pronator teres syndrome

48
Q

How does carpal tunnel present?

A

Numbness and tingling in the first three digits, thenar atrophy, weak opponens pollicis

49
Q

How does Pronator Teres Syndrome present?

A

Pain and paresthesia on the collar aspect of the forearm, lateral palm, and lateral digits

50
Q

What test would help you diagnose pronator teres syndrome?

A

Pinch Grip Test

51
Q

Where does Ulnar Nerve entrapment occur?

A

At the tunnel of Guyon and the Cubital tunnel

52
Q

How does ulnar nerve entrapment present?

A

Pain, tingling, and numbness in the last 2 digits

Weakness of adductor pollicis and hypothenar atrophy

53
Q

What is the clinical nerve for entrapment in the lower brachial plexus?

A

Klumpke’s paralysis

54
Q

How does radial nerve entrapment present?

A

Loss of triceps reflex
Wrist drop
Decreased sensation to posterior arm, forearm, and posterolateral 3.5 fingers

55
Q

How does entrapment of the long thoracic nerve present?

A

Scapular winging

56
Q

How does entrapment of the dorsal scapular nerve present?

A

Flaring of the scapula

57
Q

How does compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve present?

A

Meralgia paresthetica

58
Q

How does compression of the sciatic nerve present?

A

Sensory pain in the posterior buttocks, thigh, leg down to foot
Weak knee flexion
Decreased achilles reflex

59
Q

How does compression of the tibial nerve present?

A

Burning paresthesia and decreased sensation on soles of feet and weak muscles of the foot
Aggravated by walking or standing

60
Q

How does compression of the common fibular nerve present?

A

Pain in the lateral aspect of the leg

Weak peroneal muscle

61
Q

How does compression of the deep fibular nerve present?

A

Can affect any and all of the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment (Tib ant, EHL, EDL, and peroneus tertius)

62
Q

What is the term for the deformity where the fingertip is curled in and cannot straighten itself?

A

Mallet finger

63
Q

Hyperflexion of the DIP and Hyperextension of the PIP is known as?

A

Swan Neck Deformity

64
Q

Hyperextension of the DIP and hyperflexion of the PIP is known as?

A

Boutonnière Deformity

65
Q

What is the term for an abnormal thickening under the skin of the palm and fingers that causes the last two fingers to curl into the palm?

A

Dupuytren’s Contracture

66
Q

What causes trigger finger?

A

One of the flexor tendons for that finger becomes inflamed and swollen

67
Q

What region of the brain is responsible for sensory and motor interpretation?

A

Cerebrum

68
Q

What part of the central nervous system is responsible for balance and coordination?

A

Cerebellum

69
Q

What part of the CNS is responsible for 2 point discrimination, vibration, and proprioception?

A

Posterior columns

70
Q

What part of the CNS is affected by an UMNL?

A

Corticospinal (Pyramidal) tract

71
Q

What is the corticospinal tract responsible for?

A

Voluntary motor control

72
Q

What part of the CNS is responsible for pain and temperature?

A

Lateral Spinothalamic

73
Q

What part of the CNS is responsible for interpreting crude light touch?

A

Anterior spinothalamic

74
Q

What part of the CNS is responsible for balance reflexes and postural muscles?

A

Vestibulospinal

75
Q

What part of the CNS is responsible for providing muscle tone and synergy to the proximal flexors of the extremities?

A

Rubrospinal

76
Q

What is responsible for providing muscle tone and synergy to the voluntary extensor muscles?

A

Reticulospinal

77
Q

What sensations are lost, and where, in a syringomyelia?

A

Pain and Temp.

Over the shoulders/back in a cape like distribution

78
Q

What neuropathology is Charcot’s triad associated with?

A

Multiple sclerosis

79
Q

What region of the CNS is affected by ALS?

A

Corticospinal tract and anterior horn

80
Q

What is a brown sequard?

A

A hemisection spinal cord typically due to injury

81
Q

How does a brown sequard present?

A

Ipsilateral loss of motor function and proprioception with contralateral loss of pain and temperature

82
Q

What neuropathology is associated with scissor gait?

A

Cerebral palsy

83
Q

What is the name of the inflammatory polyneuropathies of the PNS commonly seen after flu infection?

A

Gullain-Barre Syndrome

84
Q

What pathology is tabes dorsalis associated with?

A

Tertiary syphilis

85
Q

What is the typical presentation of Charcot Marie Tooth Disease?

A

Weakness of the foot and lower leg muscles – foot drop and a high-stepped gait

86
Q

What percentage of the gait cycle is the stance phase?

A

60%

87
Q

What percentage of the gait cycle is the swing phase?

A

40%

88
Q

What muscles are involved in acceleration phase of gait?

A

Iliopsoas and rectus femoris

89
Q

What muscles are involved in the deceleration of gait?

A

Hamstrings

90
Q

What muscles are eccentrically contracted during heel strike?

A

Dorsiflexors and quadriceps

91
Q

What muscles are involved in the foot strike portion of gait?

A

Abductors and plantar flexors

92
Q

What makes up the triceps surae?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

93
Q

What muscles are involved in toe off?

A

Quadriceps and plantar-flexors

94
Q

What does shuffling gait indicate?

A

Parkinson’s

95
Q

What does scissor gait indicate?

A

Cerebral palsy

96
Q

What does waddling gait indicate?

A

Muscular Dystrophy

97
Q

What does steppage gait indicate?

A

Anterior compartment syndrome, L4 lesion, paresis of tib anterior

98
Q

What does trendelenburg gait indicate?

A

Weak glute meds

99
Q

What does slippage gait indicate?

A

Posterior column disease

100
Q

What does circumduction gait indicate?

A

Stroke

101
Q

What does antalgic gait indicate?

A

Pain

102
Q

What does motor ataxic gait indicate?

A

Cerebellum issue or intoxicated

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