Neuromusculoskeletal Diagnosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is CN 1?
A
Olfactory nerve
2
Q
What is CN 2?
A
Optic
3
Q
How is CN 2 tested?
A
Snellen Chart for vision
Direct and Indirect Light Reflex
Accommodation
4
Q
What nerves are tested with the six cardinal fields of gaze?
A
3, 4, and 6
5
Q
What muscles are innervated by CN 3?
A
Levator palpebrae, inferior oblique, superior/medial/inferior rectus. Ciliary muscles and constrictor papillae
6
Q
What muscles do CN 4 innervate?
A
Superior oblique
7
Q
What muscles are innervated by CN 5?
A
Muscles of mastication
8
Q
What reflexes are coordinated by CN 5?
A
Corneal
Jaw Jerk
Oculocardiac
9
Q
Where does CN 5 provide sensory innervation to?
A
Face and anterior 2/3 of the tongue
10
Q
What is trigeminal neuralgia also known as?
A
Tic Douloureaux
11
Q
What is CN 6?
A
Abducens
12
Q
What muscle is innervated by CN 6?
A
Lateral rectus
13
Q
What is the key distinguishing factor between Bell’s palsy and stroke?
A
Forehead will be able to wrinkle with stroke
14
Q
What is the sensory innervation of CN 7?
A
Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
15
Q
What muscles are innervated by CN 7?
A
Muscles of facial expression
16
Q
What is CN8?
A
Vestibulocochlear
17
Q
What is CN9?
A
Glossopharyngeal
18
Q
What reflexes is CN9 responsible for?
A
Gag
Uvula
Carotid
19
Q
What muscles are innervated by CN9?
A
Stylopharyngeus to elevate pharynx and larynx
20
Q
What is CN 10?
A
Vagus
21
Q
What is CN11?
A
Spinal Accessory
22
Q
What is CN 12?
A
Hypoglossal
23
Q
What muscles are innervated by CN12?
A
Tongue muscles
24
Q
What is Westphal’s Sign?
A
Absence of any DTR
25
DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Jaw Jerk
Trigeminal
| CN 5
26
DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Biceps
Musculocutaneous
| C5
27
DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Brachioradialis
Radial
| C6
28
DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Triceps
Radial
| C7
29
DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Patellar
Femoral
| L4
30
DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Medial Hamstring
Sciatic
| L5
31
DTR: Nerve and Nerve Root: Achilles
Tibial
| S1
32
Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Corneal
CN V
| CN VII
33
Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Pharyngeal
CN IX
| CN X
34
Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Cremasteric
Femoral nerve
| Genitofemoral nerve
35
Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Geigel's
Femoral
| Genitofemoral
36
Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Plantar
Tibial
| Tibial
37
Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Abdominal
T7-T12
| T7-T12
38
Superficial Reflex: Afferent & Efferent: Beevor's
T7-T12
| T7-T12
39
Where does the gallbladder refer to?
Right shoulder
| Inferior scapula
40
Where does the pancreas refer?
Spine at T10 level
41
Where does the heart refer?
Left shoulder and medial left arm
42
Where do the intestines refer to?
Periumbilical
43
Where does the appendix refer to?
Early: Epigastric
Late: RLQ
44
Where does kidney refer to?
Flank
45
Where does ureter refer to?
Groin
46
Where does the bladder refer to?
Suprapubic area
47
What are the two types of median nerve entrapment?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
| Pronator teres syndrome
48
How does carpal tunnel present?
Numbness and tingling in the first three digits, thenar atrophy, weak opponens pollicis
49
How does Pronator Teres Syndrome present?
Pain and paresthesia on the collar aspect of the forearm, lateral palm, and lateral digits
50
What test would help you diagnose pronator teres syndrome?
Pinch Grip Test
51
Where does Ulnar Nerve entrapment occur?
At the tunnel of Guyon and the Cubital tunnel
52
How does ulnar nerve entrapment present?
Pain, tingling, and numbness in the last 2 digits
| Weakness of adductor pollicis and hypothenar atrophy
53
What is the clinical nerve for entrapment in the lower brachial plexus?
Klumpke's paralysis
54
How does radial nerve entrapment present?
Loss of triceps reflex
Wrist drop
Decreased sensation to posterior arm, forearm, and posterolateral 3.5 fingers
55
How does entrapment of the long thoracic nerve present?
Scapular winging
56
How does entrapment of the dorsal scapular nerve present?
Flaring of the scapula
57
How does compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve present?
Meralgia paresthetica
58
How does compression of the sciatic nerve present?
Sensory pain in the posterior buttocks, thigh, leg down to foot
Weak knee flexion
Decreased achilles reflex
59
How does compression of the tibial nerve present?
Burning paresthesia and decreased sensation on soles of feet and weak muscles of the foot
Aggravated by walking or standing
60
How does compression of the common fibular nerve present?
Pain in the lateral aspect of the leg
| Weak peroneal muscle
61
How does compression of the deep fibular nerve present?
Can affect any and all of the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment (Tib ant, EHL, EDL, and peroneus tertius)
62
What is the term for the deformity where the fingertip is curled in and cannot straighten itself?
Mallet finger
63
Hyperflexion of the DIP and Hyperextension of the PIP is known as?
Swan Neck Deformity
64
Hyperextension of the DIP and hyperflexion of the PIP is known as?
Boutonnière Deformity
65
What is the term for an abnormal thickening under the skin of the palm and fingers that causes the last two fingers to curl into the palm?
Dupuytren's Contracture
66
What causes trigger finger?
One of the flexor tendons for that finger becomes inflamed and swollen
67
What region of the brain is responsible for sensory and motor interpretation?
Cerebrum
68
What part of the central nervous system is responsible for balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
69
What part of the CNS is responsible for 2 point discrimination, vibration, and proprioception?
Posterior columns
70
What part of the CNS is affected by an UMNL?
Corticospinal (Pyramidal) tract
71
What is the corticospinal tract responsible for?
Voluntary motor control
72
What part of the CNS is responsible for pain and temperature?
Lateral Spinothalamic
73
What part of the CNS is responsible for interpreting crude light touch?
Anterior spinothalamic
74
What part of the CNS is responsible for balance reflexes and postural muscles?
Vestibulospinal
75
What part of the CNS is responsible for providing muscle tone and synergy to the proximal flexors of the extremities?
Rubrospinal
76
What is responsible for providing muscle tone and synergy to the voluntary extensor muscles?
Reticulospinal
77
What sensations are lost, and where, in a syringomyelia?
Pain and Temp.
| Over the shoulders/back in a cape like distribution
78
What neuropathology is Charcot's triad associated with?
Multiple sclerosis
79
What region of the CNS is affected by ALS?
Corticospinal tract and anterior horn
80
What is a brown sequard?
A hemisection spinal cord typically due to injury
81
How does a brown sequard present?
Ipsilateral loss of motor function and proprioception with contralateral loss of pain and temperature
82
What neuropathology is associated with scissor gait?
Cerebral palsy
83
What is the name of the inflammatory polyneuropathies of the PNS commonly seen after flu infection?
Gullain-Barre Syndrome
84
What pathology is tabes dorsalis associated with?
Tertiary syphilis
85
What is the typical presentation of Charcot Marie Tooth Disease?
Weakness of the foot and lower leg muscles -- foot drop and a high-stepped gait
86
What percentage of the gait cycle is the stance phase?
60%
87
What percentage of the gait cycle is the swing phase?
40%
88
What muscles are involved in acceleration phase of gait?
Iliopsoas and rectus femoris
89
What muscles are involved in the deceleration of gait?
Hamstrings
90
What muscles are eccentrically contracted during heel strike?
Dorsiflexors and quadriceps
91
What muscles are involved in the foot strike portion of gait?
Abductors and plantar flexors
92
What makes up the triceps surae?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
93
What muscles are involved in toe off?
Quadriceps and plantar-flexors
94
What does shuffling gait indicate?
Parkinson's
95
What does scissor gait indicate?
Cerebral palsy
96
What does waddling gait indicate?
Muscular Dystrophy
97
What does steppage gait indicate?
Anterior compartment syndrome, L4 lesion, paresis of tib anterior
98
What does trendelenburg gait indicate?
Weak glute meds
99
What does slippage gait indicate?
Posterior column disease
100
What does circumduction gait indicate?
Stroke
101
What does antalgic gait indicate?
Pain
102
What does motor ataxic gait indicate?
Cerebellum issue or intoxicated
