Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards
of bones in body
206
diarthrotic + example
- freely movable joint
- synovial joints
- shoulder, hip, elbow, knees
synarthrotic
- not movable
- fibrous joints
- skull sutures
amphiarthrotic
- slightly movable
- cartilagenous joints
- intervertebral disks
flexion
bending of joint
extension
straightening of a joint
supination
pointing upward
pronation
pointing downward
osteomyelitis
inflammation and infection of bone+marrow
-bacterial, staphylococci
avascular necrosis
- destruction and death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply
- head of femur
- alcoholism
luxation dislocation
complete dislocation of bone from socket
subluxation dislocation
partial separation of bone from socket
transverse fracture
fracture line runs at right angle to the longitudinal access of the bone
longitudinal fracture
fracture runs along length of the bone
oblique fracture
bone is twisted apart (shorter than spiral)
spiral fracture
bone is twisted apart (longer than oblique)
commuted fracture
bone fragments spinner into more than two pieces
compression fracture
one fragment is driven into the other end
pathologic fracture
fracture caused by a weakening of a diseased bone
avulsion fracture
results in a ligamentous attachment remaining intact
stellate fracture
occurs from a central point and radiates outward
potts facture
bimalleolar fracture
colles fracture
dorsally angulated fracture of distal radius
result of breaking fall with wrist
compound fracture
bone penetrates skin
greenstick fracture
one side of bone is broken and the other bent
5 steps of bone healing
hens fuck only careful reds
- hematoma formation
- fibrin network formation
- osteoblast invasion
- callus formation
- remodeling
delayed union
increase in healing time
- commuted fractures
- osteoperosis
nonunion
failure of the fractured bones to unite
- inadequate immobilization
- infection
malunion
results in mal aligned reduction which can alter mechanical function of the bone
compartment syndrome
increase in pressure within a closed space
-fascia works as tourniquet to damaged, swelling muscles and must be released
bone graft: AUTOGRAFT
taken from self
bone graft: ALLOGRAFT
taken from someone else
intravenous antibiotics often given during orthopedic surgery
cephalosporin
cortical screws
tight threads meant for dense bone
cancellous screws
loose (spaced out) threads meant for spongy bone
traction used for hip fracture?
Bucks
traction used for hip dislocation
Russells
muscles of the rotator cuff
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
most frequently used irrigation solution for arthroscopy
lactated ringers solution
epinephrine may be added to minimize intraoperative bleeding, maximize visualization
putto-platt procedure
tendon of subscapularis cut and reattached to head of humerus
- loss of external rotation
- humerus tighter to the scapula
bristol procedure
area of bicep attachment at top of shoulder joint lowered 5cm reattached to front of scapula
-provides excellent stability
PMMA
polymethyl methacrylate
-used in older patients with poor bone quality
press fit
technique used for young healthy patients with good bone quality
femoral head fracture
fracture involving the femoral head
intertrochanteric hip fracture
occurs between greater and lesser trochanter of femur
subtrochanteric fracture
involves shaft of femur below lesser trochanter
what do femoral neck fractures require?
cannulated screw fixation
total hip arthroplasty position
lateral w/ affected leg flexed
total hip arthroplasty: 2 approaches
- anteriorlateral
- posteriorlateral
ideal candidates for non-cemented prosthesis
- pressfit
- young people with healthy bones
complications associated with use of PMMA (polymathy methacrylate)
bone cement implantation syndrome
transitory hypotension
cardiac arrest
pulmonary embolus
IM rod: image intensification
viewing of progression of a procedure confirming fracture reduction or intramedullary reaming on a television screen
why has the use of plate and screws for femoral shaft fractures bee disputed? (3)
- implant failure (bent/broken plates)
- deep SSI
- re-fracture (above or below level of plate)
advantages of arthroscopic surgery (3)
- shorter hospital stays
- decreased rehabilitation and recovery time
- less post operative pain
bucket handle meniscal tear is repaired by
meniscectomy
terrible triad (mam)
- medial collateral ligament
- anterior cruciate ligament
- medial meniscus
what is a bakers cyst? (2)
- popliteal cyst
- posterior aspect of the knee
knee arthroscopy: patient positon
surgeon may drop leg off table to allow for better manipulation during procedure
knee arthroscopy: prior to tourniquet inflation leg is exsanguinated by?
wrapping w/ an esmarch
what is osteomyelitis?
infection of bone tissue which is most devastating, debilitating and costly complication or oath surgery
triple arthrodesis: definition
fusion of the... talocalcaneal (TC) talonavicular (TN), callcanecuboid (CC) ...joints in the foot.
arthrodesis
fusion of joint to prevent movement
what is hallux valgus
another name for a Bunion
what are 3 goals of bunion surgery
- cosmesis
- function
- reconstruction
what deformity usually accompanies bunions?
hammer toe
-abnormal flexion posture of the proximal interphalangeal joint
