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Surgical Procedures 1 > Orthopedic Surgery > Flashcards

Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

of bones in body

A

206

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2
Q

diarthrotic + example

A
  • freely movable joint
  • synovial joints
  • shoulder, hip, elbow, knees
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3
Q

synarthrotic

A
  • not movable
  • fibrous joints
  • skull sutures
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4
Q

amphiarthrotic

A
  • slightly movable
  • cartilagenous joints
  • intervertebral disks
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5
Q

flexion

A

bending of joint

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6
Q

extension

A

straightening of a joint

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7
Q

supination

A

pointing upward

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8
Q

pronation

A

pointing downward

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9
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation and infection of bone+marrow

-bacterial, staphylococci

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10
Q

avascular necrosis

A
  • destruction and death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply
  • head of femur
  • alcoholism
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11
Q

luxation dislocation

A

complete dislocation of bone from socket

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12
Q

subluxation dislocation

A

partial separation of bone from socket

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13
Q

transverse fracture

A

fracture line runs at right angle to the longitudinal access of the bone

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14
Q

longitudinal fracture

A

fracture runs along length of the bone

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15
Q

oblique fracture

A

bone is twisted apart (shorter than spiral)

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16
Q

spiral fracture

A

bone is twisted apart (longer than oblique)

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17
Q

commuted fracture

A

bone fragments spinner into more than two pieces

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18
Q

compression fracture

A

one fragment is driven into the other end

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19
Q

pathologic fracture

A

fracture caused by a weakening of a diseased bone

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20
Q

avulsion fracture

A

results in a ligamentous attachment remaining intact

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21
Q

stellate fracture

A

occurs from a central point and radiates outward

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22
Q

potts facture

A

bimalleolar fracture

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23
Q

colles fracture

A

dorsally angulated fracture of distal radius

result of breaking fall with wrist

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24
Q

compound fracture

A

bone penetrates skin

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25
Q

greenstick fracture

A

one side of bone is broken and the other bent

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26
Q

5 steps of bone healing

hens fuck only careful reds

A
  • hematoma formation
  • fibrin network formation
  • osteoblast invasion
  • callus formation
  • remodeling
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27
Q

delayed union

A

increase in healing time

  • commuted fractures
  • osteoperosis
28
Q

nonunion

A

failure of the fractured bones to unite

  • inadequate immobilization
  • infection
29
Q

malunion

A

results in mal aligned reduction which can alter mechanical function of the bone

30
Q

compartment syndrome

A

increase in pressure within a closed space

-fascia works as tourniquet to damaged, swelling muscles and must be released

31
Q

bone graft: AUTOGRAFT

A

taken from self

32
Q

bone graft: ALLOGRAFT

A

taken from someone else

33
Q

intravenous antibiotics often given during orthopedic surgery

A

cephalosporin

34
Q

cortical screws

A

tight threads meant for dense bone

35
Q

cancellous screws

A

loose (spaced out) threads meant for spongy bone

36
Q

traction used for hip fracture?

A

Bucks

37
Q

traction used for hip dislocation

A

Russells

38
Q

muscles of the rotator cuff

A

infraspinatus
supraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

39
Q

most frequently used irrigation solution for arthroscopy

A

lactated ringers solution

epinephrine may be added to minimize intraoperative bleeding, maximize visualization

40
Q

putto-platt procedure

A

tendon of subscapularis cut and reattached to head of humerus

  • loss of external rotation
  • humerus tighter to the scapula
41
Q

bristol procedure

A

area of bicep attachment at top of shoulder joint lowered 5cm reattached to front of scapula
-provides excellent stability

42
Q

PMMA

A

polymethyl methacrylate

-used in older patients with poor bone quality

43
Q

press fit

A

technique used for young healthy patients with good bone quality

44
Q

femoral head fracture

A

fracture involving the femoral head

45
Q

intertrochanteric hip fracture

A

occurs between greater and lesser trochanter of femur

46
Q

subtrochanteric fracture

A

involves shaft of femur below lesser trochanter

47
Q

what do femoral neck fractures require?

A

cannulated screw fixation

48
Q

total hip arthroplasty position

A

lateral w/ affected leg flexed

49
Q

total hip arthroplasty: 2 approaches

A
  • anteriorlateral

- posteriorlateral

50
Q

ideal candidates for non-cemented prosthesis

A
  • pressfit

- young people with healthy bones

51
Q

complications associated with use of PMMA (polymathy methacrylate)

A

bone cement implantation syndrome
transitory hypotension
cardiac arrest
pulmonary embolus

52
Q

IM rod: image intensification

A

viewing of progression of a procedure confirming fracture reduction or intramedullary reaming on a television screen

53
Q

why has the use of plate and screws for femoral shaft fractures bee disputed? (3)

A
  • implant failure (bent/broken plates)
  • deep SSI
  • re-fracture (above or below level of plate)
54
Q

advantages of arthroscopic surgery (3)

A
  • shorter hospital stays
  • decreased rehabilitation and recovery time
  • less post operative pain
55
Q

bucket handle meniscal tear is repaired by

A

meniscectomy

56
Q

terrible triad (mam)

A
  • medial collateral ligament
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • medial meniscus
57
Q

what is a bakers cyst? (2)

A
  • popliteal cyst

- posterior aspect of the knee

58
Q

knee arthroscopy: patient positon

A

surgeon may drop leg off table to allow for better manipulation during procedure

59
Q

knee arthroscopy: prior to tourniquet inflation leg is exsanguinated by?

A

wrapping w/ an esmarch

60
Q

what is osteomyelitis?

A

infection of bone tissue which is most devastating, debilitating and costly complication or oath surgery

61
Q

triple arthrodesis: definition

A 
fusion of the...
talocalcaneal (TC)
talonavicular (TN),
callcanecuboid (CC) 
...joints in the foot.
62
Q

arthrodesis

A

fusion of joint to prevent movement

63
Q

what is hallux valgus

A

another name for a Bunion

64
Q

what are 3 goals of bunion surgery

A
  • cosmesis
  • function
  • reconstruction
65
Q

what deformity usually accompanies bunions?

A

hammer toe

-abnormal flexion posture of the proximal interphalangeal joint

Surgical Procedures 1 (12 decks)

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