Ophthalmic Procedures SP1 Flashcards
chalazion excision: pathophysiology
removal of chalazion resulting from obstructed meibomian gland, presenting as lump or cystic mass
chalazion excision: incision
vertical transconjuctival incision
chalazion excision: instrumentation (2)
- chalazion clamp (desmarres; hunt): inverts eyelid to provide base to work on
- chalazion curettes (meyhoeffer)
DCR (dacryocystorhinostomoy): definition
reconstructive procedure creating new tear drainage pathway
DCR (dacryocystorhinostomoy): pathophysiology (3)
- dacryocystitis: inflammation/infection of the lacrimal sacs mucosa
- dacryostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the lacrimal sac
- dacryolithiasis: formation of calculi in the lacrimal sac
DCR (dacryocystorhinostomoy): medications (2)
- topical thrombin (hemostasis)
- cocaine or tetracaine w/ epinephrine (anesthetic)
DCR (dacryocystorhinostomoy): catheters/drains
- 10 Fr Robinson catheter (infant feeding tube or silastic lacrimal duct intubation set
- catheter inserted through canaliculi over posterior flaps into nasal cavity
DCR (dacryocystorhinostomoy): instrumentation
-self retaining spring retractor
DCR (dacryocystorhinostomoy): dressing/wound classification (2)
- wound class 2*
- mustache dressing
entropion/ectropion repair: definition
oculoplastic procedure which aims to correct inverted or everted sagging eyelid margin by excising tissue and tightening the lax lid
entropion/ectropion repair: pathophysiology & wound classification
- wound class 1*
- entropion: inversion of eyelid
- ectropion: eversion of eyelid
Enucleation: definition
removal of entire globe (eyeball), leaving extraoccular muscles and remaining orbital contents
Enucleation: EVISCERATION
more conservative alternative to enucleation
Enucleation: EXENTERATION
removal of entirety of orbital contents including, globe, muscles periorbital fat, periosteum, en bloc resection, for treatment of ocular and orbital malignancies
Enucleation: incision
circumferential peritomy made along limbus, carried through bulbar conjunctiva & tenons capsule
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE): defintion
removal of opacified (cloudy) lens LEAVING POSTERIOR LENS CAPSULE IN TACT
INTRACAPSULAR cataract extraction (ICCE): definition
removal of opacified lens and the entire intact lens capsule using Alpha-Chymotrypsin to dissolve zonules of zen
PHACOEMULSIFICATION (PEK):
most common means of cataract removal
variation of ECCE, contents of lens capsule fragmented and simultaneously irrigated/aspirated using phacoemulsifier headpiece
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE): 3 postoperative means of visual correction
- aphakic glasses
- aphakik contact lenses
- implantation of IOL, intraocular lens, most common means
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE): pathophysiology
cataract: opacity of crystalline lens preventing clear image on retina
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE): anesthesia (2)
- topical anesthetic with RETRO/PERIbulbar regional block most commonly used
- HONAN IOP-REDUCING cuff applied to increase diffusion of anesthetic and reduce IOP
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE): instrumentation used for 3mm incision (3)
keratome:
- 69 beaver blade
- 30 degree super blade
- diamond knife
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE): procedural step for posterior lens insertion
inserted through anterior chamber and placed in capsular bag
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE): complications/wound classification
- wound class 1*
- corneal abrasion
iridectomy: definition
treats glaucoma
removal or portion of iris tissue in attempt to improve aqueous outflow of posterior to anterior chambers relieving pupillary block and reestablishing aqueous drainage
iridectomy: other procedures for treating glaucoma
- trabeculectomy
- goniotomy
iridectomy: pathophysiology
glaucoma: group of diseases characterized by increase in intraoccqular pressure resulting in damage to retinal neurons and optic nerve
- attributed to excessive aqueous accumulation within the anterior cavity
keratoplasty: definition
- replacement of scarred or diseased cornea with clear corneal tissue from deceased donor
- aka corneal transplantation/corneal grafting
keratoplasty: penetrating keratoplasty
entails replacement of full thickness of cornea
keratoplasty: radial keratotomy
means of correcting myopia
series of spoke-like, partial thickness radial incisions, in order to allow central cornea to flatten.
keratoplasty: instrumentation
TREPHINE used to make circular incisions
keratoplasty: pathophysiology
KERATOCONUS: thinning & cone shaped protrusion of central cornea
HERPETIC KERATITIS: herpes simplex eye infection
CORNEAL SCARRING
scleral buckling: definition
procedure used to treat detached retina by wrapping and cinching globe with silastic band in an attempt to drain/reattache retina
scleral buckling: cryoretinopexy
use of CRYOTHERMY probe to seal a retinal tear and tack down retina by creating series of cold burns working as spot welds
strabismus correction: resection
used to STRENGTHEN weak extra ocular muscle
tuck procedure
strabismus correction: recession
used to WEAKEN overactive extraocular muscle
- myectomy procedure*
- myotomy procedure*
strabismus correction: exotropia
one eye deviates laterally “wall eye”
strabismus correction: esotropia
one eye deviates medially
strabismus correction: instrumentation
jameson muscle hook is used to isolate lateral rectus ensuring muscle is free of the sclera
vitrectomy: definition
partial or total removal of vitreous body along with vitrea; opacities
vitrectomy: posterior vitrectomy
performed through micro incisions through posterior cavity
vitrectomy: anterior vitrectomy
performed through micro incisions of posterior cavity or through paracentesis incisions in peripheral cornea of the anterior cavity
vitrectomy: instrumentation
endoilluminator fiberoptic light source
