Orthopedic exam Flashcards
What are the goals of treating a lame dog?
Administer palliative medication that will mask the CS
Search for origin of problem before we address it
WHat are common causes of forelimb lameness?
Elbow dysplasia
OCD
Fractures
What are the common causes of hindlimb lameness?
Hip dysplasia Pelvic fractures ACL rupture Patellar luxation Fractures
What are common causes of lameness in young vs. old dogs?
Young: physeal fractures, OCD
Older: osteoarthritis, neoplasia
What are some common causes of lameness in small breeds vs. large breeds?
Small: legg calve perthes dz
Large: hip dysplasia
What are common causes of lameness in male dogs?
Panosteitis
Trauma
What are some characteristics that are observed from a distant observation?
Body conformation Decreased weight bearing while standing Asymmetrical joint or swelling Muscle atrophy Joint alignment
What are some gait abnormalities observed with a lame dog?
Shortened stride Dragging toenails Toeing in or out Limb circumduction Hypermetria Stumbling/weakness Head bobbing
What does CREPI stand for?
Crepitus, range of motion, effusion or swelling, pain and instability
In what direction should the forelimb be examined?
Distal to proximal
What are three specific joint tests for the hindlimb?
Ortolani sign
Anterior drawer
Tibial compression
WHat is the ortolani sign?
Positive if hip is dislocated by a characteristic clunk that is felt as the femoral head slides over posterior rim of acetabulum and is reduced
What is the anterior drawer test?
Tests for anterior cruciate ligament integrity
What is the tibial compression?
Test for meniscal injury
What are the diagnostic tests for ortho problems?
Rads CT MRI Bone scintigraphy US Arhtroscopy
