Castration

Question 1

What is the name for sx removal of one or both testicles?

Answer 1

Orchiectomy

Question 2

T/F: The term neuter can be applied to describe any sterilization procedure

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

What are some diseases that are prevented through castration?

Answer 3

Cryptorchidism
Neoplasia
Testicular torsion
Testicular abscess
Scrotal urethrostomy
Prostatic diseases
Perianal hernia

Question 4

What is the most common sx approach for castration procedure?

Answer 4

Pre-scrotal (least vascular and least painful)

Question 5

T/F: It is okay to shave the scrotum

Answer 5

FALSE

Question 6

WHat is the distance of draping from the midline?

Answer 6

2-3 cm from midline

Question 7

What are all the sx approaches for castration procedure?

Answer 7

Pre-scrotal
Scrotal
Perineal
Inguinal or abdominal
Sx ablation

Question 8

T/F: With a scrotal sx approach, the scrotum is not removed.

Answer 8

TRUE- only incised

Question 9

What is the sx approach for a cryptorchid patient?

Answer 9

Inguinal or abdominal

Question 10

What are the differences between closed and open castration?

Answer 10

Closed: doesn’t penetrate PVT, increases risk of non-secure ligature, decrease risk of scrotal hematoma, decrease post-op swelling and quicker
Open: penetrates PVT, decrease risk of ligature slipping, decrease risk of abdominal hemorrhage, longer

Question 11

How far should the proximal clamp be placed from the body wall?

Answer 11

1-2 cm

Question 12

What suture should be used for ligation?

Answer 12

2-0 monofilament absorbable

Question 13

What suture should be used for the closure?

Answer 13

3-0 monofilament absorbable

Question 14

T/F: You shouldn’t strip the spermatic fascia in an open castration

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

What are four common complications of a castration procedure?

Answer 15

Scrotal hematoma
Infection
Hemorrhage
Swelling/bruising

Question 16

What is anorchism?

Answer 16

Absence of both testicles

Question 17

What is monorchism?

Answer 17

Absence of one testicle

Question 18

What is cryptorchism?

Answer 18

One or both testicles not descended into scrotum- developmental problem of gubernaculum

Question 19

When do most testicles descend?

Answer 19

30-40 days- considered cryptorchid if not descended by 6 months

Question 20

What are the three location classifications of a cryptorichidism?

Answer 20

Abdominal, inguinal or pre-scrotal

Question 21

What type of cryptorchidism is more common in dogs?

Answer 21

Unilateral- small dogs prone to this

HERITABLE- DON’T BREED

Question 22

What are functional characteristics of a cryptorchid testicle?

Answer 22

Sterile because the warm environment destroys sperm
Suppresses spermatogenesis in normal testicle
Predisposed to neoplasia
Predisposed to torsion

Question 23

What are other abnormalities that are seen in dogs vs. cats with cryptorchidism?

Answer 23

Dogs: hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, penile or preputial defects, umbilical hernia
Felines: patellar luxation, short/kinked tail, tarsal deformities, eyelid agenesis

Question 24

What are some complications of feline castration?

Answer 24

Funiculitis
Scrotal hematoma
scrotal abscess
priapism