Orthopaedics: Shoulder Flashcards
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Where do supraspinatous, infraspinatous and teres minor attach to?
Greater tuberosity
Where does subscapularis attach to?
Lesser tuberosity
What does supraspinatous do?
Initiation of abduction
What does infraspinatous do?
External roation
What does teres minor do?
External rotation
What does subscapular do?
Internal rotations
What is the hawkins kennedy test?
Bring the shoulder to 90 degrees and internally rotate the shoulder. This test for impingment of supraspinatpus
What is impingment syndrome?
The tendons of the rotator cuff (moslty supraspinatous) are compressed in the right subacromial space during movmement, producing pain.
What tests would you do if you wanted to confirm a rotator cuff tear?
Ultrasound
MRI
What is the treatment of a rotator cuff tear?
Physio
Subacromial injection
Surgery
What condition causes loss of external rotation with stiffness?
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)
What conditions pre dispose you to adhesive capsulitis?
Diabetes
High cholesterol
Dupuytrens
What is the treatment of adhesive capsulitis?
Physio
Analgesics
Intr articular injections
What is acute calcific tendonitis?
Severe shoulder pain that is charecterised by calcium deposition in the supraspinatous tendon (seen on X Ray just proximal to the greater tuberosity
What is biceps tendonitis and how does it present?
anterior shoulder pain on resisted biceps contraction. can also rupture and cause the popeye deformity
What are the median nerve innervated digits?
Thumb and radial 2.5 fingers
What is tinnels test?
Persussing over the media nerve causes the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
What is phalens test?
Reverse prayer sign brings on carpal tunnel syndrome
What can you do to confirm the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Nerve conduction syndrome
What are the treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome?
Wrist splints
Steroid injection Surgical decompression
What muscles are supplies by the median nerve?
LOAF Lateral 2 lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
What are the symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome
Parasthesia in the ulnar 1.5 fingers
Inability to abduct the index finger
What specific movement does subscapularis do?
Internal rotation
What specific movement does supraspinatous do?
First 20 degrees of shoulder abduction. (The rest is done by the deltoid
What specific movement does infraspinatous do?
External rotation
What specific movement does teres minor do?
External rotation
What nerve supplies suprspinatous?
Suprascapular
What nerve supplies infraspinatous?
Suprascapular
What nerve supplies teres minor?
Axillary
What nerve supplies subscapularis?
Superior and inferior subscapular nerves
What nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
