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Meddygaeth B > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a complication that may occur following fractures that is characterised as raised pressure within a closed anatomical space?

A

Compartment syndrome

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2
Q

How to treat compartment syndrome?

A

Prompt and extensive fasciotomy

IV fluids

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3
Q

What arteries supply the head of the femur?

A

Circumflex arteries
Inter medullary artery
Ligamentum teres artery (only 10%!)

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4
Q

How do you treat non-displaced intercapsular fracture of the femur?

A

CHS (cannulated hip screw)

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5
Q

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder?

A

Glenohumeral
Acromioclavicular
Sternoclavicular
Scapulothoracic

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6
Q

How to treat extra capsular intertrochanteric fracture of the femur?

A

DHS ( dynamic hip screw)

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7
Q

What are the scientific names for tenis elbow and golf elbow?

A 
Tennis= lateral epicondylitis
Golf= medial epicondylitis
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8
Q

How to treat extra capsular sub trochanteric fracture of the femur?

A

IM Nail

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9
Q

Define galeazzi fracture

A

Fracture of distal third of radius causing dislocation of ulna

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10
Q

What is a fracture of the proximal 3rd of the ulna causing dislocation of the proximal head of the radius called?

A

Monteggia fracture

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11
Q

How do you treat displaced intra capsular fracture of the femur?

A

Hip replacement

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12
Q

What are the features of colles’s fracture?

A

Transverse fracture of the radius 1 inch proximal to the radio-carpal joint with Dorsal displacement and angulation
Fall onto extended outstretched hands
Described as a dinner fork type deformity

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13
Q

Cause and feature of Smith’s fracture

A

Opposite of colles’ fracture
Volar angulation of distal radius fragment (Garden spade deformity)
Caused by falling backwards onto the palm of an outstretched hand or falling with wrists flexed

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14
Q

What are the names of the carpal bones?

A 
Some scaphoid 
Lovers lunate 
Try triquetral
Positions pisiform
That trapezium 
They trapezoid
Can’t capitate 
Handle hamate
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15
Q

What are the clinical tests for carpal tunnel syndrome ?

A 
Tinel test ( tap between thenar eminences)
Phalegn’s test ( have patient flex wrist for 60 seconds )
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16
Q

What organism is likely to be responsible for infection of prosthetic joint replacement?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

17
Q

What is the Gold Standard Imaging for osteomyelitis?

A

MRI Scan

18
Q

What are the radiographic hallmarks of severe osteoarthritis?

A

Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral cysts
Subchondral sclerosis

19
Q

What is the typical clinical appearance of NOF?

A

Externally rotated and shortened leg

20
Q

What is the main adverse effect of Bisphosphonate ?

A

Oesophagitis- must advise to take 30mins prior to breakfast and to drink a lot of water

21
Q

What are the main principles of fracture treatment?

A

Reduce
Stabilize and preserve blood supply
Rehabilitate

22
Q

What is the WHO definition of osteopenia?

A

Bone mineral density that is 1 deviation below that of the average young subject from the same race and sex.

23
Q

What is the WHO definition of osteoporosis?

A

Bone mineral density that is 2.5 standard deviation below that of the average young subject from the same race and sex.

24
Q

What is the average time of fracture healing in children?

A

4 weeks for upper limb fractures

6-8 weeks for lower limb fractures

25
Q

Name 5 Red Flags of back pain

A 
Age <20 or >50
Saddle anesthesia
Leg weakness
Bladder or bowel symptoms  
Progressive or constant pain with pain at night or lying down
Trauma
History of cancer
Alcohol/ drug use
Weight loss
26
Q

What is the main modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis?

A

BMI

27
Q

What is the common distribution of osteoarthritis in the hands?

A 
Carpometocarpal joints (CMC) 
Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
28
Q

What is the name of a common condition ( in 4-8yr olds) resulting from avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to interruption of blood supply to femoral epiphysis.

A

Perthes Disease

29
Q

What are the causes of dupuytren’s contraction?

A

manual labour
phenytoin treatment
alcoholic liver disease
trauma to the hand

Meddygaeth B (9 decks)

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