ENT

Question 1

What are 5 key symptoms about the nose?

Answer 1

Nasal obstruction
Runny nose (anterior rhinorrhoea)
Loss of sense of smell (hyposmia)
Nose bleeds (epistaxis)
Facial pain

Question 2

What are 5 key symptoms about the ear?

Answer 2

Earache (otalgia)
Ear discharge (otorrhoea)
Hearing loss
Tinnitus
Dizziness

Question 3

What are the 5 key symptoms about the throat?

Answer 3

Sore throat
Difficulty swallowing
Pain on swallowing 
Hoarse voice 
Regurgitstion

Question 4

Why do people suffering from sore throat also experience otalgia?

Answer 4

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies sensation to throat and ear

Question 5

What is the order of the ossicles from lateral to medial?

Answer 5

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 6

The chords tympani runs through the middle ear, what does it do?

Answer 6

Carry parasympathetic nerve fibers to the lacrimal gland

To carry taste nerves from the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 7

What is pathoneumonic of otitis externa?

Answer 7

Painful generalized swelling of the external ear canal

Ear canal is often moist and may have purulent debris

Question 8

What are the risk factors for otitis externa?

Answer 8

Instrumentation of the ear canal, e.g. cotton buds.
Skin condition i.e.eczema or psoriasis
Allowing water to enter the ear

Question 9

What is the treatment for otitis externa?

Answer 9

Topical antibiotic drop with a steroid e.g. sofradex
Oral analgaesia
Advise to keep ear dry

Question 10

Define malignant otitis externa

Answer 10

Osteomyelitis of the temporal bone. If untreated can cause sensorineural deafness and inflammation of facial nerve traveling through temporal bone. Potentially life threatening

Question 11

Define cholesteatoma

Answer 11

Abnormal collection of skin cells in the middle ear often associated with recurring often foul discharge from the ear. Keratin may accumulate in pars flaccida

Question 12

How is cholesteoma treated?

Answer 12

Close inspection and cleaning of the ear under microscope, topical antibiotic and steroid drops, pure tone audiogram surgical is mastoidectomy

Question 13

What are the key questions to ask for lump in neck?

Answer 13

Duration, change in size, associated features (pain, redness, discharge), lumps elsewhere, preceding symptoms, recent travel, contact with TB, occupation, animals, exposure to radiation

Question 14

What are red flag symptoms of throat?

Answer 14

Persistent sore throat, hoarseness, dysphagia, odynophagia, weight loss, fevers, night sweats