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MSK > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

internal rotation

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2
Q

What does the PCL prevent?

A

Hyperextension and anterior translation of femur

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3
Q

What nerve can be injured in LCL tears?

A

Common perineal n.

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4
Q

What is ruptured in

  1. high lying patella
  2. low lying patella
A
  1. patellar tendon

2. quadriceps tendon

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5
Q

Patellar dislocations

  1. predisposing factors?
  2. does risk of recurrent instability increase or decrease with age?
A
  1. female, ligamentous laxity, shallow trochlear groove, valgus
  2. decreases with age
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6
Q

Symptoms of patellofemoral dysfunction?

A

Worse going downhill
Grinding/clicking
Stiffness after sitting for long
anterior knee pain

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7
Q

Commonest cause of compartment syndrome?

A

tibial shaft fractures

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8
Q

What type of pelvic fracture must be promptly reduced?

A

anteroposterior compression fracture

“open book” #

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9
Q

Is the common flexor origin the medial or lateral epicondyle?

A

medial

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10
Q

What should not be done in Golfer’s elbow?

A

intra - artic injections because risk of ulnar nerve injury

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11
Q

Fat pad sign on X-ray

A

radial head/neck #

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12
Q

Whats usually the first sign of hip pathology?

A

loss if internal rotation

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13
Q

What creates pain in trochanteric bursitis?

A

resisted abduction

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14
Q

What type of fracture is associated with a large volume of blood loss?

A

femoral shaft #s

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15
Q

light bulb sign on X-ray?

A

posterior shoulder dislocation

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16
Q

what is a Hill-Sachs lesion?

A

impaction fracture of posterior head of the shoulder

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17
Q

What is a Bankart lesion?

A

detachment of anterior glenoid labrum and capsule

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18
Q

what can present with shoulder pain, outwith shoulder pathology?

A

Neck problems, angina and diaphragmatic irritation

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19
Q

Shoulder instability - redislocation rate in under 20? in over 30?

A

under 20: 80%

over 30: 20%

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20
Q

Name of the repair to stabilise shoulder instability

A

Bankart repair

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21
Q

What can cause atraumatic instability?

A

Ehlers danlos

Marphans

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22
Q

Sign of adhesive capsulitis?

A

Loss of external rotation

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23
Q

Where are ganglion cysts commonly found?

A

DIPs and wrist

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24
Q

What type of collagen is assoc with Dupuytrens? Is it more common in M or F?

A

type 3 collagen

M x 10

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25
Q

What is mallet finger?

A

avulsion of extensor tendon from its insertion onto terminal phalanx

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26
Q

Does OA commonly affect the MCP joints?

A

No

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27
Q

What is Mortons Neuroma? symptoms? cause?

A

inflammation of plantar digital nerves
burning pain and tingling radiating into affected toes c
caused by high heels

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28
Q

grossly swollen, bruised foot, can’t weight bear

A

mid foot (Lisfranc) fracture - dislocation

29
Q

Risk factors for achilles tendonitis/rupture?
what should never be used?
sign?
treatment?

A

Quinolone ABs, gout, RA
never use steroid injections
weakness of plantar flexion
tx = cast with foot plantar flexed for 8 weeks

30
Q

What is hallux rigidus? gold standard tx?

A

1st MTPJ OA

gold standard is arthrodesis

31
Q

traverse fracture - type of force?

A

pure bending force

32
Q

spiral fracture - type of force?

A

torsional force

33
Q

treatment for patellofemoral dysfunction

A

vast majority improve with physio to rebalance quads

34
Q

are steroid injections useful in extensor mechanism ruptures?

A

no, avoid using them because theres a high risk of rupture

35
Q

imaging for meniscal injury

A

MRI

36
Q

whats mandatory in a pelvic fracture

A

PR

37
Q

acetabulum fractures

what is essential for planning

A

CT

38
Q

impingement - painful arc ? - ?

A

60-120

39
Q

is acute calcific tendonitis self limiting?

what tendon does it involve?

A

self limiting

involves supraspinatous

40
Q

associations with adhesive capsulitis

A

diabetes

hypercholesterolemia

41
Q

most common humeral neck fracture

A

fracture of surgical neck + medial displacement of the shaft due to pull of pec major

42
Q

monteggia fracture dislocation

A

fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow

43
Q

galeazzi fracture dislocation

A

fracture of the radius with dislocation of the ulna at the distal radio ulnar joint

44
Q

fingers commonest for trigger finger

A

middle and ring

45
Q

swan neck deformity

A

PIP hyperextension

DIP hyperflexion

46
Q

boutonniere deformity

A

PIP hyperflexion

DIP hyperextension

47
Q

bartons fracture

A

intra articular fracture of the distal radius

48
Q

colles fracture

often assoc with what?

A

extra articular # of distal radius within an inch of the joint + dorsal displacement

assoc with # of ulnar styloid in many cases

49
Q

split cup sign

A

lunate dislocation

50
Q

smiths #
stable or unstable?
treatment

A

volarly displaced EXTRA articular # of the distal radius

highly unstable so all need ORIF + plates and screws

51
Q 
# of both bones of forearm 
rx: adults ? kids?
A

adults: ORIF + plates ans screws
kids: plaster cast only bc small degree of angulation will remodel with growth

52
Q

what action does the radio-capitellar joint control

… the humero-ulnar joint?

A

radio-capitellar - supination/pronation

humero-ulnar - flexion/extension

53
Q

common extensor origin

A

lateral epicondyle

54
Q

tennis elbow - lateral or medial epicondylitis?

A

lateral

55
Q

what creates pain in tennis elbow?

A

resisted middle finger / wrist extension

56
Q

no injections in golfers elbow!!!! why?

A

risk of damage to ulnar nerve

57
Q

fat pad sign on lateral X-ray

A

radial head/neck fracture

58
Q

AVN of hip can be 2y to …

A

alcohol abuse
steroids
hyperlipidaemia
thrombophilia

59
Q

mortality from hip fractures at
1 month
4 months
1 year

A

10% at one month
20% at 4 months
30% at one year

60
Q

what can cause femoral shaft stress fractures

A

osteoporosis
pagets
long term biphosphonates use
metastatic disease

61
Q 
Hallux valgus
medial/lateral rotation of 1st mtrsl 
medial/lateral rotation of toe itself 
is there familial tendency?
what is a bunion
A

medial rotation of 1st mtrsl
lateral rotation of toe itself
familial tendency
bunion = inflamed bursa over the 1st mtrsl head

62
Q

gold standard surgical treatment for hallux rigidus

A

arthrodesis

63
Q

what is pes cavus

A

abnormally high arch

64
Q

Mortons neuroma
what causes it?
what imaging is used?

A

repeated trauma to plantar interdigital nerves (high heels!)

US > swollen nerve

65
Q

when should an ankle # be suspected and therefore an X-ray carried out

A

severe localised tenderness or inability to weightier for 4 steps

66
Q

ankle #

- what might bruising and tenderness medially indicate?

A

rupture of deltoid ligament

67
Q

RF’s for achilles tendonitis + rupture

A

quinolone abx
RA
gout

68
Q

what is simmonds test?

A

assessment of achilles tendon rupture

no plantar flexion when calf squeezed

MSK (11 decks)

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