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Orthopaedics Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

internal rotation

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2
Q

What does the PCL prevent?

A

Hyperextension and anterior translation of femur

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3
Q

What nerve can be injured in LCL tears?

A

Common perineal n.

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4
Q

What is ruptured in

  1. high lying patella
  2. low lying patella
A
  1. patellar tendon

2. quadriceps tendon

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5
Q

Patellar dislocations

  1. predisposing factors?
  2. does risk of recurrent instability increase or decrease with age?
A
  1. female, ligamentous laxity, shallow trochlear groove, valgus
  2. decreases with age
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6
Q

Symptoms of patellofemoral dysfunction?

A

Worse going downhill
Grinding/clicking
Stiffness after sitting for long
anterior knee pain

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7
Q

Commonest cause of compartment syndrome?

A

tibial shaft fractures

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8
Q

What type of pelvic fracture must be promptly reduced?

A

anteroposterior compression fracture

“open book” #

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9
Q

Is the common flexor origin the medial or lateral epicondyle?

A

medial

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10
Q

What should not be done in Golfer’s elbow?

A

intra - artic injections because risk of ulnar nerve injury

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11
Q

Fat pad sign on X-ray

A

radial head/neck #

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12
Q

Whats usually the first sign of hip pathology?

A

loss if internal rotation

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13
Q

What creates pain in trochanteric bursitis?

A

resisted abduction

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14
Q

What type of fracture is associated with a large volume of blood loss?

A

femoral shaft #s

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15
Q

light bulb sign on X-ray?

A

posterior shoulder dislocation

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16
Q

what is a Hill-Sachs lesion?

A

impaction fracture of posterior head of the shoulder

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17
Q

What is a Bankart lesion?

A

detachment of anterior glenoid labrum and capsule

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18
Q

what can present with shoulder pain, outwith shoulder pathology?

A

Neck problems, angina and diaphragmatic irritation

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19
Q

Shoulder instability - redislocation rate in under 20? in over 30?

A

under 20: 80%

over 30: 20%

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20
Q

Name of the repair to stabilise shoulder instability

A

Bankart repair

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21
Q

What can cause atraumatic instability?

A

Ehlers danlos

Marphans

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22
Q

Sign of adhesive capsulitis?

A

Loss of external rotation

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23
Q

Where are ganglion cysts commonly found?

A

DIPs and wrist

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24
Q

What type of collagen is assoc with Dupuytrens? Is it more common in M or F?

A

type 3 collagen

M x 10

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25
What is mallet finger?
avulsion of extensor tendon from its insertion onto terminal phalanx
26
Does OA commonly affect the MCP joints?
No
27
What is Mortons Neuroma? symptoms? cause?
inflammation of plantar digital nerves burning pain and tingling radiating into affected toes c caused by high heels
28
grossly swollen, bruised foot, can't weight bear
mid foot (Lisfranc) fracture - dislocation
29
Risk factors for achilles tendonitis/rupture? what should never be used? sign? treatment?
Quinolone ABs, gout, RA never use steroid injections weakness of plantar flexion tx = cast with foot plantar flexed for 8 weeks
30
What is hallux rigidus? gold standard tx?
1st MTPJ OA | gold standard is arthrodesis
31
traverse fracture - type of force?
pure bending force
32
spiral fracture - type of force?
torsional force
33
treatment for patellofemoral dysfunction
vast majority improve with physio to rebalance quads
34
are steroid injections useful in extensor mechanism ruptures?
no, avoid using them because theres a high risk of rupture
35
imaging for meniscal injury
MRI
36
whats mandatory in a pelvic fracture
PR
37
acetabulum fractures | what is essential for planning
CT
38
impingement - painful arc ? - ?
60-120
39
is acute calcific tendonitis self limiting? | what tendon does it involve?
self limiting | involves supraspinatous
40
associations with adhesive capsulitis
diabetes | hypercholesterolemia
41
most common humeral neck fracture
fracture of surgical neck + medial displacement of the shaft due to pull of pec major
42
monteggia fracture dislocation
fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow
43
galeazzi fracture dislocation
fracture of the radius with dislocation of the ulna at the distal radio ulnar joint
44
fingers commonest for trigger finger
middle and ring
45
swan neck deformity
PIP hyperextension | DIP hyperflexion
46
boutonniere deformity
PIP hyperflexion | DIP hyperextension
47
bartons fracture
intra articular fracture of the distal radius
48
colles fracture often assoc with what?
extra articular # of distal radius within an inch of the joint + dorsal displacement assoc with # of ulnar styloid in many cases
49
split cup sign
lunate dislocation
50
smiths # stable or unstable? treatment
volarly displaced EXTRA articular # of the distal radius | highly unstable so all need ORIF + plates and screws
51
``` # of both bones of forearm rx: adults ? kids? ```
adults: ORIF + plates ans screws kids: plaster cast only bc small degree of angulation will remodel with growth
52
what action does the radio-capitellar joint control ... the humero-ulnar joint?
radio-capitellar - supination/pronation humero-ulnar - flexion/extension
53
common extensor origin
lateral epicondyle
54
tennis elbow - lateral or medial epicondylitis?
lateral
55
what creates pain in tennis elbow?
resisted middle finger / wrist extension
56
no injections in golfers elbow!!!! why?
risk of damage to ulnar nerve
57
fat pad sign on lateral X-ray
radial head/neck fracture
58
AVN of hip can be 2y to ...
alcohol abuse steroids hyperlipidaemia thrombophilia
59
mortality from hip fractures at 1 month 4 months 1 year
10% at one month 20% at 4 months 30% at one year
60
what can cause femoral shaft stress fractures
osteoporosis pagets long term biphosphonates use metastatic disease
61
``` Hallux valgus medial/lateral rotation of 1st mtrsl medial/lateral rotation of toe itself is there familial tendency? what is a bunion ```
medial rotation of 1st mtrsl lateral rotation of toe itself familial tendency bunion = inflamed bursa over the 1st mtrsl head
62
gold standard surgical treatment for hallux rigidus
arthrodesis
63
what is pes cavus
abnormally high arch
64
Mortons neuroma what causes it? what imaging is used?
repeated trauma to plantar interdigital nerves (high heels!) | US > swollen nerve
65
when should an ankle # be suspected and therefore an X-ray carried out
severe localised tenderness or inability to weightier for 4 steps
66
ankle # | - what might bruising and tenderness medially indicate?
rupture of deltoid ligament
67
RF's for achilles tendonitis + rupture
quinolone abx RA gout
68
what is simmonds test?
assessment of achilles tendon rupture | no plantar flexion when calf squeezed

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