Orthopaedic infections

Question 1

Commonest cause of osteomyelitis?

Answer 1

Staph aureus

Question 2

What can cause osteomyelitis in sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 2

Salmonella

Question 3

Cause of gas gangrene?

Answer 3

Clostridium perfringens

Question 4

Cause of type 2 necrotising fasciitis? Treatment?

Answer 4

GAS

penicillin + clindamycin (+ debridement…)

Question 5

commonest 2 organisms in septic arthritis?

Answer 5

MSSA

streptococci

Question 6

what antibiotic is used when patient is penicillin allergic?

Answer 6

Vancomycin

Question 7

treatment of ARDS?

Answer 7

positive pressure ventilation

Question 8

treating tetanus

Answer 8

surgical debridement
antitoxin
penicillin and metronidazole

Question 9

extreme cases of gas gangrene treatment

Answer 9

hyperbaric oxygen

Question 10

is coagulase negative staph part of normal skin flora

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

are infants or adults at higher risk of septic arthritis

Answer 11

infants

Question 12

prosthetic joint infection
Abx given pre op?
how many samples for culture?
minimum abx for ?

rx if coagulase +ve
rx if coagulase -ve

Answer 12

NO abx pre op
at least 3 samples for culture
minimum abx for 6 weeks

coag +ve > fluclox
coag -ve > clotrimazole, amoxicillin

Question 13

prophylactic abx for prosthetic joint/implant op

Answer 13

co-amoxiclav

co-trimoxazole if pen allergic

Question 14

symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome

which type involves nerve injury - 1 or 2

Answer 14

constant burning/throbbing
sensitivity to stimuli not normally painful
skin colour changes

type 1 - no nerve damage

Question 15

permanent flexion of the hand and wrist

Answer 15

volkmanns ischaemic contracture

Question 16

tomogram is used to detect ?

Answer 16

mandibular fracture

Question 17

technetium bone scans are useful for ?

Answer 17

stress #s

Question 18

what can cause chronic osteomyelitis

Answer 18

TB