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ABSITE > orthopaedics > Flashcards

orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

salter harris fractures TYPE II,IV, V

A

cross the epiphseal plate

TX: open reduction, internal fixation

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2
Q

Salter harris fx TYPE I and II

A

TX closed reduction

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3
Q

fractures associated with AVN

A

schaphoid, femoral neck, talus

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4
Q

fractures associated with nonunion

A

clavicle, 5th metatarsal (Jones fx)

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5
Q

fractures associated with compartment syndrome

A

supracondylar humerus and tibia

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6
Q

biggest risk factor for nonunion

A

smoking

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7
Q

obturator nerve

A

hip adduction

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8
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

hip abduction

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9
Q

inferior guteal nerve

A

hip extension

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10
Q

femoral nerve

A

knee extension

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11
Q

lumbar disc herniation

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

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12
Q

L3 nerve compression

A

weak hip flexion

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13
Q

L4 nerve compression

A

weak knee extension (quadriceps), weak patellar reflex

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14
Q

L5 nerve compression

A

weak dorsiflexion (foot drop), decreased sensation in big toe web space

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15
Q

S1 nerve compression

A

weak plantar flexion, weak achilles reflex, decreased sensation in lateral foot

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16
Q

ulnar nerve`- motor

A

intrinsic musculature of hand (palmar interosssei, palmaris brevis, adductor pollicis, and hypothenar eminence) finger abduction, wrist flexion
injury - claw hand

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17
Q

ulnar nerve - sensory

A

back of hand, all of 5th and 1/2 4th

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18
Q

Median nerve motor

A

thumb apposition (OK sign), thumb abduction and finger flexors

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19
Q

median nerve sensory

A

most of palm 1st and 3 1/2 fingers palm

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20
Q

radial nerve motor

A

wrist extension, finger extension, thumb extension, and triceps no hands muscle

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21
Q

radial nerve sensory

A

1st and 3 1/2 fingers on dorsal side

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22
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

motor to biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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23
Q

axillary nerve

A

motor to deltoid (aBduction)

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24
Q

C5 nerve decompression

A

weal deltoid and biceps

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25
Q

C6 nerve compression

A

weak deltoid and biceps, weak wrist extensors and brachioradialis reflex

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26
Q

C7 nerve compression

A

weak triceps

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27
Q

C8 nerve compression

A

weak triceps, weak intrinsic muscles of hand and wrist flexion

28
Q

Radial nerve from

A

C5-C8

29
Q

ulnar nerve from

A

C6-T1

30
Q

musculocutaneous nerve from

A

C5-C7

31
Q

axillary nerve from

A

C5-C6

32
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation nerve compression

A

axillary nerve

TX closed reduction

33
Q

posterior shoulder dislocation

A

can happen with seizures, electrocution
axillary artery injury
TX closed reduction

34
Q

monteggia fracture

A

proximal ulnar fracture and radial head dislocation

35
Q

colles fracture

A

fall on outstretched hand, distal radius fx

TX closed reduction

36
Q

nursemaids elbow

A

subluxation of radius at the elboz caused by a pulling on an extended, pronated arm
TX closed reduction

37
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

snuffbox tenderness
TX cast to elbow, may need fixation
risk of avascular necrosis

38
Q

volkmanns fracture

A

supracondylar humerus fracture
occludes anterior interosseous artery
TX closed reduction of humerus- can lead to reperfusion injury, edema, and forearm compartment syndrome TX with fasciotomy

39
Q

dupuytrens contracture

A

progressive proliferation of the palmar fascia of hand results on contractures that usually affect the 4th and 5th digits (can not extend fingers)

  • associated with diabetes, ETIOH
  • TX NSAIDs, steroid injections, excision
40
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve compression by transverse carpal ligament

TX splint NSAIDS steroid injections, carpal ligament release

41
Q

trigger finger

A

tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon that catches at the MCP joint when trying t extend finger

42
Q

suppurative tenosynovitis

A

infections that spread along the flexor tendon sheaths.
- 4 classic signs: tendon sheath tenderness, pain with passive motion. swelling along sheath and semiflexed posture pf the involved digit.
TX elevation splinting and antibiotics, I&D

43
Q

rotator cuff tears

A

supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor and subscapularis

44
Q

forearm fasciotmies

A

need to open volar and dorsal compartments

45
Q

paronychia

A

infection under nail bed, painful

TX antibiotics, remove nail if purulent

46
Q

felon

A

infection in the terminal joint space of the finger

TX incision over the tip ans along medial and lateral aspects to prevent necrosis of tip of finger

47
Q

posterior hip dislocation

A

internal rotation and adduction of leg; risk of sciatic nerve injury
TX closed reduction

48
Q

anterior hip dislocation

A

external rotation and abduction of leg; risk of injury to femoral artery
TX closed reduction

49
Q

posterior knee dislocation

A

all patients need angiogram to rule out popliteal artery injury

50
Q

footdrop after lithotomy positoin

A

common peroneal nerver

51
Q

anterior leg compartment

A

anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve

anterior tibilains, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and communis

52
Q

lateral

A

superficial peroneal nerve

53
Q

deep posterior

A

posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery and tibial nerve

flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and posterior tibialis

54
Q

superficial posterior

A

sural nerve

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

55
Q

compartment syndrom of leg

A

most likely to occur in the anterior compartment of leg (get foot drop) after vascular compromise

56
Q

compartment syndrom

A

distal pulses last thing to go
pain with passive motion
pressure > 20-30 HG abdnormal

57
Q

osteomyelitis

A

most common - STAPH

sxs: pain, decreased use of extremity

58
Q

idiopathic adolescent scolisosis

A

prepubertal females, right thoracic curve most common
Curves> 20-45 need brace
curves > 45 spinal fusion

59
Q

osgood-schlatter disease

A

tibial tubercle apophysitis (pain in front of knee)
traction injury from quadriceps.
TX: rest vs cast

60
Q

legg - calve perthes disease

A

AVN of femoral head
painful gait with limp
XRay flattening of the femoral head

61
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

males, fat, increased risk of AVN

TX pin

62
Q

congenital dislocation of the hip

A

TX pavlik harness, keep legs abducted and the femoral head reduced in the acteabulum

63
Q

multiple myeloma

A

most common primary malignant tumor of bone

TX chemotherapy

64
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

most common primary bone sarcoma
80% in pts < 20 yro
XRAY: codmans triangle –> periosteal rxn

65
Q

giant cell tumor of bone

A

total resection + XRT

66
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

formed by subluxation or slip of one vertebral body over another
most common occurs in lumbar region

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