Orthopaedic Surgery Flashcards
Types of Fracture
Types of Imbolization of a Fracture?
3 Stages of Fracture Healing?
Factors Affecting Rate of Fracture Healing?
Classification system for Open Fracutres?
Treatment for each class?
Gustilo Classification
Bones of the Hand
SO- Scaphoid
LONG- Lunate
TO- Triquetrum
PINKY- Psiform
HERE- Hammate
COMES- Capitate
THE- Trapezoid
THUMB- Trapezium
Most commonly fractured carpal bone?
- Presentation
- Imaging
- Treatment
- Complications
Most common orthopedic injury?
- Subtypes
- Treatment
- Complicaitons
Proximal Humerus Fracture
- Risk Factors
- Presentation
- Imaging: role of each
Proximal Humerus Fracture
- Classification
- Treatment
- Complications
Clavicular Fracture
- Most common site
- Presentation
- Imaging
- Treatment: timing of exercises?
- Complicaitons
Shoulder Dislocation
- Most common direction of Dislocation?
- Presentation. Mechanism of injury
- Imaging. SIgn seen in Posterior?
- Treatment: timing of exercises?
- Complicaitons
Commonest fracture in the elderly?
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors
- Treatment
- Complications
- Classification
Hip Fractures
Epidemiology
■ 80% Women
■ 20-30% mortality risk in first year post fracture
Risk Factors
■ Osteoporosis/osteopenia
■ Diabetes mellitus
■ Recurrent falls
■ Tobacco and alcohol use
■ Caucasian
Treatment
Intracapsular Fracture
■ Dynamic Hip Screw
■ Hemiarthroplasty
■ Total Hip Arthroplasty
Extracapsular Fracture
■ Dynamic Hip Screw
■ Intramedullary nail
Complications
■ Osteoarthritis
■ Avascular necrosis of femoral head
■ Non-union
■ Mortality
■ Wound infection
■ Haematoma
What is the Classification for a Hip Fracture
Garden Classification of Intracapsular Hip Fractures
Garden I: Undisplaced, Incomplete fracture; Head has tilted into the valgus position
Garden II: Undisplaced, complete fracture
Garden III: Incompletely displaced complete fracture
Garden IV: Completely displaced complete fracture
Tibial Plateau Fracture
- Associations
- Epidemiology
- Presentation
- Imaging
- Treatment
- Complications
Tibial Plateau fractures are periarticular injuries of the proximal tibia frequently associated with soft tissue injury.
Most common long bone fracture?
- Associations
- Epidemiology
- Presentation
- Imaging
- Treatment
- Complications
Ankle Fractures
- Presentation
- Imaging
- Classifications
- Treatment
- Complications
What are the classifications for an Ankle Injury?
Pathophysiology of Compartment Syndrome?
Compartment syndrome results from increased pressure within a compartment, leading to compromised circulation.
Can occur acutely post-trauma or can be chronic, most often seen in athletes presenting with insidious pain
Risk Factors for Compartment Syndrome?
o Trauma: crush injury, long bone fracture
o Bleeding, hematoma
o Burn injury (especially circumferential burn)
o Prolonged extremity ischemia with reperfusion
o Intravenous extravasation injury
o High-pressure injection
Clinical Features of Compartment Syndrome?
o Pain – out of proportion to injury
o Tense firm compartment
o Pain exacerbated by passive stretch
o Compartment-specific neurovascular findings
o Compartment pressure within 30mmHg of diastolic BP
Treatment of Compartment Syndrome?
Contraindications?
Structures at risk for Anterior Fasciotomy?
Structures at risk for Deep Posterior Fasciotomy?
Pelvic Fractures
- Epidemiology
- Presentation/Exam
- Imaging
- Treatment
- Complications
Back Pain
- Differentials
- Risk Factors
- RED FLAGS?
Cauda Equina Syndrome
- Differentials (Space Occupying/Iatrogenic)
- Symptoms
- Imaging
- Treatment (timeframe?)
Osteoarthritis
- Risk Factors
- Presentation
- Non-Operative Treatments
Surgical Interventions for Osteoarthritis of the Knee? (Suitable Populations/Indications?)
Surgical Interventions for Osteoarthritis of the Hip? (Suitable Populations/Indications?)
Septic Arthritis
- Most common pathogen/joint?
- Risk Factors
- Non-Operative Treatments
- 3 Etiologies of Bacterial Seeding?
- Symptoms/Exam FIndings?
- Imaging/Investigations?
- Treatment?
O Donaghue Unhappy Triad?
