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Clinical Surgery > Orthopaedic Surgery > Flashcards

Orthopaedic Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Fracture

A
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2
Q

Types of Imbolization of a Fracture?

A
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3
Q

3 Stages of Fracture Healing?

A
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4
Q

Factors Affecting Rate of Fracture Healing?

A
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5
Q

Classification system for Open Fracutres?

Treatment for each class?

A

Gustilo Classification

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6
Q

Bones of the Hand

A

SO- Scaphoid

LONG- Lunate

TO- Triquetrum

PINKY- Psiform

HERE- Hammate

COMES- Capitate

THE- Trapezoid

THUMB- Trapezium

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7
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone?

  • Presentation
  • Imaging
  • Treatment
  • Complications
A
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8
Q

Most common orthopedic injury?

  • Subtypes
  • Treatment
  • Complicaitons
A
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9
Q

Proximal Humerus Fracture

  • Risk Factors
  • Presentation
  • Imaging: role of each
A
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10
Q

Proximal Humerus Fracture

  • Classification
  • Treatment
  • Complications
A
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11
Q

Clavicular Fracture

  • Most common site
  • Presentation
  • Imaging
  • Treatment: timing of exercises?
  • Complicaitons
A
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12
Q

Shoulder Dislocation

  • Most common direction of Dislocation?
  • Presentation. Mechanism of injury
  • Imaging. SIgn seen in Posterior?
  • Treatment: timing of exercises?
  • Complicaitons
A
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13
Q

Commonest fracture in the elderly?

  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Treatment
  • Complications
  • Classification
A

Hip Fractures

Epidemiology
■ 80% Women
■ 20-30% mortality risk in first year post fracture

Risk Factors
■ Osteoporosis/osteopenia
■ Diabetes mellitus
■ Recurrent falls
■ Tobacco and alcohol use
■ Caucasian

Treatment
Intracapsular Fracture
■ Dynamic Hip Screw
■ Hemiarthroplasty
■ Total Hip Arthroplasty

Extracapsular Fracture
■ Dynamic Hip Screw
■ Intramedullary nail

Complications
■ Osteoarthritis
■ Avascular necrosis of femoral head
■ Non-union
■ Mortality
■ Wound infection
■ Haematoma

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14
Q

What is the Classification for a Hip Fracture

A

Garden Classification of Intracapsular Hip Fractures

Garden I: Undisplaced, Incomplete fracture; Head has tilted into the valgus position

Garden II: Undisplaced, complete fracture

Garden III: Incompletely displaced complete fracture

Garden IV: Completely displaced complete fracture

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15
Q

Tibial Plateau Fracture

  • Associations
  • Epidemiology
  • Presentation
  • Imaging
  • Treatment
  • Complications
A

Tibial Plateau fractures are periarticular injuries of the proximal tibia frequently associated with soft tissue injury.

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16
Q

Most common long bone fracture?

  • Associations
  • Epidemiology
  • Presentation
  • Imaging
  • Treatment
  • Complications
A
17
Q

Ankle Fractures

  • Presentation
  • Imaging
  • Classifications
  • Treatment
  • Complications
A
18
Q

What are the classifications for an Ankle Injury?

A
19
Q

Pathophysiology of Compartment Syndrome?

A

Compartment syndrome results from increased pressure within a compartment, leading to compromised circulation.

Can occur acutely post-trauma or can be chronic, most often seen in athletes presenting with insidious pain

20
Q

Risk Factors for Compartment Syndrome?

A

o Trauma: crush injury, long bone fracture

o Bleeding, hematoma

o Burn injury (especially circumferential burn)

o Prolonged extremity ischemia with reperfusion

o Intravenous extravasation injury

o High-pressure injection

21
Q

Clinical Features of Compartment Syndrome?

A

o Pain – out of proportion to injury

o Tense firm compartment

o Pain exacerbated by passive stretch

o Compartment-specific neurovascular findings

o Compartment pressure within 30mmHg of diastolic BP

22
Q

Treatment of Compartment Syndrome?

Contraindications?

A
23
Q

Structures at risk for Anterior Fasciotomy?

A
24
Q

Structures at risk for Deep Posterior Fasciotomy?

A
25
Q

Pelvic Fractures

  • Epidemiology
  • Presentation/Exam
  • Imaging
  • Treatment
  • Complications
A
26
Q

Back Pain

  • Differentials
  • Risk Factors
  • RED FLAGS?
A
27
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome

  • Differentials (Space Occupying/Iatrogenic)
  • Symptoms
  • Imaging
  • Treatment (timeframe?)
A
28
Q

Osteoarthritis

  • Risk Factors
  • Presentation
  • Non-Operative Treatments
A
29
Q

Surgical Interventions for Osteoarthritis of the Knee? (Suitable Populations/Indications?)

A
30
Q

Surgical Interventions for Osteoarthritis of the Hip? (Suitable Populations/Indications?)

A
31
Q

Septic Arthritis

  • Most common pathogen/joint?
  • Risk Factors
  • Non-Operative Treatments
  • 3 Etiologies of Bacterial Seeding?
  • Symptoms/Exam FIndings?
  • Imaging/Investigations?
  • Treatment?
A
32
Q

O Donaghue Unhappy Triad?

A

Clinical Surgery (20 decks)

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