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Breast Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The proportion of women that will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their life?

A

1/8

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2
Q

Where does breast cancer usually metastasize

A
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2
Q

Genetics of Breast Cancer

A
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2
Q

Primary Risk Factors of Breast Cancer?

A
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3
Q

Reproductive/Physical/Lifestyle Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

A
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4
Q

Invasive Ductal vs. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma?

A
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5
Q

Molecular factors impacting Breast Cancer?

A
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6
Q

Principles of screening for a disease

A
  • Disease screened for represents an important health problem
  • It has a well-understood natural history
  • It has a recognizable early stage
  • There is a benefit to early treatment
  • There is a suitable test
  • There are adequate facilities to diagnose and treat the condition
  • Screen can be done at intervals to match the natural history
  • There is less harm than benefit
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7
Q

Screening for Breast Cancer

A
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8
Q

Imaging for Breast Cancer

A
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9
Q

Types of biopsy for Breast Cancer

A

Core biospies have largely replaced fine needle aspiration cytology due to the addition information provided by core biopsy (Architecture of lesion/ Cellular appearance)

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10
Q

Staging of Breast Cancer?

A

TNM classification, based on tumour size, number of nodes involved and evidence of distant metastases

T Staging

  • T1: <2cm
  • T2: 2-5cm
  • T3: > 5cm
  • T4: extends to skin/chest wall

N Staging

  • N0: No Nodes
  • N1: Mobile Ipsilateral Nodes
  • N2: Fixed Ipsilateral Nodes
  • N3: Infra/supra clavicular or internal mammary nodes

M Staging

  • M0: No distant disease
  • M1: Distant Disease
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11
Q

Indications for Mastectomy?

A
  • Lcoally advanced tumours
  • Large tumour to breast volume ration
  • Central tumours involving nipple
  • Recurrent breast cancer
  • Multifocal or widespread
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12
Q

Various forms of mastectomy available

A
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13
Q

Indications for Sentinel Lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer?

A
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14
Q

Indications for Axillary Lymph node clearance in breast cancer?

15
Q

Types of Breast Reconstruction

16
Q

Adjuvant treatment options for breast cancer?

17
Q

Goal/Indication of Radiotherapy in treating breast cancer

18
Q

Goal/MOA of Hormone Manipulation in treating breast cancer

19
Q

Indication/Example of Chemotherapy in treating breast cancer

20
Q

What is the Oncotype DX Score?

Score thresholds?

A

21 genome panel that assesses if a patient with luminal breast cancer will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (Between 0 and 100)

  • Oncotype DX score ≥ 26: hormone therapy and chemotherapy
  • Oncotype DX score is ≤ 25: hormone therapy alone
21
Q

Complete absence of the nipple, usually unilateral

22
Q

Accessory or supernumerary nipples

A

Polythelia

23
Q

Congenital absence of breat tissue, nipple remains present

24
Q

Absence/ underdevelopment of pectoralis muscle, cutaneous ipsilateral syndactyly, hypoplasia of the breast tissue

A

Poland’s Syndrome

25
Q

_______________________;

  • Develop from a whole breast lobule and contain a combination of proliferating epithelium and connective tissue
  • Most common in females < 30 years old, can occur at any age

Management?

A

Fibroadenoma

Management:

  • Simple reassurance
  • May require excision if > 3-4cm or patient is symptomatic
26
Q

_______________________;

  • Affect approximately 7% of perimenopausal women
  • Account for 15% of all breast lumps and typically affects females aged 40-60 years old
  • May enlarge with hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle

Management?

A

Breast Cysts

Management:

  • Simple reassurance
  • May be repeatedly aspirated (Patient will require repeat imaging to ensure no underlying malignancy).
27
Q

_______________________;

  • Disorganized overgrowth of normal breast tissue
  • Benign, however, may grow progressively

Management?

A

Harmartoma

Management: Excision

28
Q

Fat Necorsis

  • Causes?
  • Management?
A

Fat Necrosis: partial necrosis of adipose tissue w/ associated inflammatory response

Causes:

  • Trauma
  • Surgery
  • Radiotherapy
  • Mammogram

Management:

  • Exclude carcinoma
  • Reassurance
29
Q

Nipple Discharge Differential

  • Multiduct Clear Galactorrhea
  • Single Duct Clear Galactorrhea
  • Multicolored Discharge
  • Bloodstained Discharged
A

Multiduct Clear Galactorrhea

  • Mechanical stimulation
  • Post lactational
  • Stress
  • Menopause
  • Menarche
  • Drugs
  • Pituitary tumors

Single Duct Clear Galactorrhea

  • Papilloma

Multicolored Discharge

  • Duct Ectasia
  • Cysts

Bloodstained Discharged

  • Duct Ectasia
  • Invasive Carcinoma
  • Pregnancy
  • Papilloma
30
Q

Causes of Gynaecomastia

Clinical Surgery (20 decks)

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