orthopaedic oncology Flashcards
what does osteo mean
bone
what does chondro mean
cartilage
what does scaro mean
soft tissue
how many groups can bone tumours be separated into
3
what groups can bone tumours be separated into
bone forming (osteo), cartilage forming (chondro), others (usually causing bone destruction)
what are risk factors for primary bone cancers
mostly idiopathic, previous radiotherapy, conditions (pagets, fibrous dysplasia, multiple enchondromas), genetic
what are presenting features of bone cancers
persistent increasing pain (well localised), usually not associated with movement, worse at night, doesn’t respond well with normal analgesia, palpable mass, pathological fracture
what group is bone cancer more suspected in
young patients aged 10-30
what are diagnostic tests associated with bone cancer
plain radiographs (AP and lateral including joint above and below), CT, MRI, bone scan
what is true of X-rays and bone cancer
it may not show up on X-rays until over 50% of cortical bone is lost so need more detailed imaging ig clinical suspicion
what is true in bone scans
bone turn over can also be increased in infection or arthritis
what is treatment for bone cancer?
neoadjuvant (chemo/radiotherapy/hormone to shrink cancer or reduce metastases before surgery), surgery (reconstructive or amputation), adjuvant (chemo/radiotherapy)
what is an osteosarcoma
formation of abnormal bone
what is seen on X-ray of osteosarcoma
increased whiteness
what is the most common sarcoma of bone
osteosarcoma
