Anatomy 1 (femoral triangle, anterior and medial thigh)

Question 1

what is the superior border of the femoral triangle

Answer 1

inguinal ligament

Question 2

what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle

Answer 2

sartorius

Question 3

what is the medial border of the femoral triangle

Answer 3

adductor longus

Question 4

what makes up the medial floor of the femoral triangle

Answer 4

pectineus

Question 5

what makes up the lateral floor of the femoral triangle

Answer 5

iliopsoas

Question 6

what does the femoral triangle contain (lateral to medial)

Answer 6

femoral nerve, artery, vein and canal

Question 7

what does the femoral canal contain

Answer 7

deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue

Question 8

what is the femoral canal the location of

Answer 8

femoral hernia formation

Question 9

what is contained in the femoral sheath

Answer 9

femoral artery and vein

Question 10

what makes up the sheath

Answer 10

short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdominal wall which surrounds the most proximal parts of the femoral artery and vein

Question 11

what does the femoral sheath blend with inferiorly

Answer 11

adventitia of femoral artery and vein

Question 12

where is the femoral nerve formed in

Answer 12

(L2, L3, L4) formed in the lumbar plexus

Question 13

what function does the saphenous nerve have

Answer 13

sensory

Question 14

where does the saphenous nerve branch off from

Answer 14

femoral nerve

Question 15

where does the saphenous nerve leave

Answer 15

the adductor canal distally

Question 16

where does the saphenous nerve pass between

Answer 16

sartorius and gracilis (from medial compartment)

Question 17

where does saphenous nerve supply

Answer 17

fascia and skin of anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and the medial aspect of the foot where it accompanies the great saphenous vein

Question 18

how does femoral hernia present

Answer 18

painful lump in groin

Question 19

what can result in a femoral hernia

Answer 19

increased abdominal pressure

Question 20

what herniates into the femoral canal

Answer 20

peritoneum with or without abdominal contents

Question 21

what supplies the majority of the blood to the head of the femur

Answer 21

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Question 22

what does the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries supply blood to the head of the femur through

Answer 22

retinacular branches

Question 23

where do the retinacular branches of the of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries pass

Answer 23

superiorly in relation to the femoral neck and capsule of the hip joint

Question 24

what are the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries named according to

Answer 24

the aspect of the profunda femoris they emerge from

Question 25

what can the femoral pulse be used for

Answer 25

to locate the femoral nerve and vein

Question 26

what is the femoral nerve used for

Answer 26

nerve block procedures

Question 27

what is the femoral vein used for

Answer 27

cannulation procedures

Question 28

what is the inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 28

inguinal ligament

Question 29

what does the inguinal ligament run between

Answer 29

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle

Question 30

what does the inguinal ligament form

Answer 30

a gutter

Question 31

what does the medial half of the inguinal ligament contain

Answer 31

inguinal canal

Question 32

what does the inguinal canal contain

Answer 32

``` spermatic cord (males) round ligament (females) ```

Question 33

where do the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscle enter and leave the lower limb

Answer 33

deep (posterior) to inguinal ligament in retroinguinal space

Question 34

what can a fracture of the neck of the femur result in

Answer 34

damage of the medial circumflex artery

Question 35

what can damage of the medial circumflex artery result in

Answer 35

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 36

what deep tendon is struck in the "knee jerk" response

Answer 36

patellar tendon

Question 37

what is stretched in "knee jerk" response

Answer 37

quadriceps muscle

Question 38

what is the normal response to the "knee jerk" reaction

Answer 38

contraction of the quadriceps and slight knee extension

Question 39

what is the nerve supply being tested in the "knee jerk" response

Answer 39

femoral nerve (L2, 3 and 4)

Question 40

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh known as

Answer 40

"adductor group"

Question 41

what is the function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 41

adduct the thigh at the hip joint

Question 42

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 42

gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus

Question 43

what is special about the adductor magnus

Answer 43

has an adductor part and hamstring part

Question 44

what is the most medial muscle of the medial thigh

Answer 44

gracilis

Question 45

what is characteristic of the gracilis muscle

Answer 45

thin strap muscle like sartorius descending along the medial aspect of the thigh

Question 46

what is the only muscle to cross the knee joint as well as the hip joint

Answer 46

gracilis (weak flexor of knee)

Question 47

where does the gracilis insert

Answer 47

superomedial aspect of the tibia

Question 48

what is the positioning of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus

Answer 48

adductor brevis and longus lie anterior to adductor magnus and adductor brevis lies superiorly to adductor longus

Question 49

what is the proximal attachments of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus

Answer 49

pubis, ischiopubic ramus or the ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

Question 50

what is the distal attachments of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus

Answer 50

posterior surface of the femur shaft along the linea aspera or the adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

Question 51

what nerve innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 51

obturator nerve (L2-4)

Question 52

what nerve innervates the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

Answer 52

tibial nerve

Question 53

where do the obturator nerve, artery and vein enter the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 53

obturator foramen of hip bone

Question 54

what branches does the obturator nerve divide into

Answer 54

anterior and posterior branches

Question 55

where does the obturator nerve divide

Answer 55

upper border of adductor brevis

Question 56

where is the anterior branch of the obturator nerve located

Answer 56

between adductor longus (anteriorly) and brevis (posteriorly) in the superior part of the medial compartment

Question 57

what is the sensory innervation of the thigh

Answer 57

anterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh and cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve

Question 58

where does the anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from

Answer 58

branch of femoral nerve (L2, 3 and 4)

Question 59

where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from

Answer 59

branch of lumbosacral plexus (L2, 3)

Question 60

where does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve come from

Answer 60

L2, 3 and 4

Question 61

where does lymph following the great saphenous vein drain to

Answer 61

superficial inguinal lymph nodes located in superficial fascia around vein

Question 62

where does lymph from the superficial inguinal nodes drain to

Answer 62

external iliac nodes and some to deep inguinal nodes

Question 63

where does lymph following the small saphenous vein drain to

Answer 63

popliteal lymph nodes located in popliteal fossa

Question 64

where does lymph from popliteal nodes drain to

Answer 64

deep inguinal nodes

Question 65

where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes found

Answer 65

deep to the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) medial to femoral vein

Question 66

where does lymph from deep inguinal lymph drain to

Answer 66

external iliac nodes