Anatomy 1 (femoral triangle, anterior and medial thigh) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the superior border of the femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

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2
Q

what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

sartorius

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3
Q

what is the medial border of the femoral triangle

A

adductor longus

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4
Q

what makes up the medial floor of the femoral triangle

A

pectineus

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5
Q

what makes up the lateral floor of the femoral triangle

A

iliopsoas

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6
Q

what does the femoral triangle contain (lateral to medial)

A

femoral nerve, artery, vein and canal

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7
Q

what does the femoral canal contain

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue

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8
Q

what is the femoral canal the location of

A

femoral hernia formation

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9
Q

what is contained in the femoral sheath

A

femoral artery and vein

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10
Q

what makes up the sheath

A

short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdominal wall which surrounds the most proximal parts of the femoral artery and vein

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11
Q

what does the femoral sheath blend with inferiorly

A

adventitia of femoral artery and vein

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12
Q

where is the femoral nerve formed in

A

(L2, L3, L4) formed in the lumbar plexus

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13
Q

what function does the saphenous nerve have

A

sensory

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14
Q

where does the saphenous nerve branch off from

A

femoral nerve

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15
Q

where does the saphenous nerve leave

A

the adductor canal distally

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16
Q

where does the saphenous nerve pass between

A

sartorius and gracilis (from medial compartment)

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17
Q

where does saphenous nerve supply

A

fascia and skin of anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and the medial aspect of the foot where it accompanies the great saphenous vein

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18
Q

how does femoral hernia present

A

painful lump in groin

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19
Q

what can result in a femoral hernia

A

increased abdominal pressure

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20
Q

what herniates into the femoral canal

A

peritoneum with or without abdominal contents

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21
Q

what supplies the majority of the blood to the head of the femur

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

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22
Q

what does the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries supply blood to the head of the femur through

A

retinacular branches

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23
Q

where do the retinacular branches of the of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries pass

A

superiorly in relation to the femoral neck and capsule of the hip joint

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24
Q

what are the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries named according to

A

the aspect of the profunda femoris they emerge from

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25
Q

what can the femoral pulse be used for

A

to locate the femoral nerve and vein

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26
Q

what is the femoral nerve used for

A

nerve block procedures

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27
Q

what is the femoral vein used for

A

cannulation procedures

28
Q

what is the inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

A

inguinal ligament

29
Q

what does the inguinal ligament run between

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle

30
Q

what does the inguinal ligament form

A

a gutter

31
Q

what does the medial half of the inguinal ligament contain

A

inguinal canal

32
Q

what does the inguinal canal contain

A
spermatic cord (males)
round ligament (females)
33
Q

where do the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscle enter and leave the lower limb

A

deep (posterior) to inguinal ligament in retroinguinal space

34
Q

what can a fracture of the neck of the femur result in

A

damage of the medial circumflex artery

35
Q

what can damage of the medial circumflex artery result in

A

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

36
Q

what deep tendon is struck in the “knee jerk” response

A

patellar tendon

37
Q

what is stretched in “knee jerk” response

A

quadriceps muscle

38
Q

what is the normal response to the “knee jerk” reaction

A

contraction of the quadriceps and slight knee extension

39
Q

what is the nerve supply being tested in the “knee jerk” response

A

femoral nerve (L2, 3 and 4)

40
Q

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh known as

A

“adductor group”

41
Q

what is the function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adduct the thigh at the hip joint

42
Q

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus

43
Q

what is special about the adductor magnus

A

has an adductor part and hamstring part

44
Q

what is the most medial muscle of the medial thigh

A

gracilis

45
Q

what is characteristic of the gracilis muscle

A

thin strap muscle like sartorius descending along the medial aspect of the thigh

46
Q

what is the only muscle to cross the knee joint as well as the hip joint

A

gracilis (weak flexor of knee)

47
Q

where does the gracilis insert

A

superomedial aspect of the tibia

48
Q

what is the positioning of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus

A

adductor brevis and longus lie anterior to adductor magnus and adductor brevis lies superiorly to adductor longus

49
Q

what is the proximal attachments of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus

A

pubis, ischiopubic ramus or the ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

50
Q

what is the distal attachments of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus

A

posterior surface of the femur shaft along the linea aspera or the adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

51
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator nerve (L2-4)

52
Q

what nerve innervates the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

A

tibial nerve

53
Q

where do the obturator nerve, artery and vein enter the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator foramen of hip bone

54
Q

what branches does the obturator nerve divide into

A

anterior and posterior branches

55
Q

where does the obturator nerve divide

A

upper border of adductor brevis

56
Q

where is the anterior branch of the obturator nerve located

A

between adductor longus (anteriorly) and brevis (posteriorly) in the superior part of the medial compartment

57
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the thigh

A

anterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh and cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve

58
Q

where does the anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from

A

branch of femoral nerve (L2, 3 and 4)

59
Q

where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from

A

branch of lumbosacral plexus (L2, 3)

60
Q

where does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve come from

A

L2, 3 and 4

61
Q

where does lymph following the great saphenous vein drain to

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes located in superficial fascia around vein

62
Q

where does lymph from the superficial inguinal nodes drain to

A

external iliac nodes and some to deep inguinal nodes

63
Q

where does lymph following the small saphenous vein drain to

A

popliteal lymph nodes located in popliteal fossa

64
Q

where does lymph from popliteal nodes drain to

A

deep inguinal nodes

65
Q

where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes found

A

deep to the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) medial to femoral vein

66
Q

where does lymph from deep inguinal lymph drain to

A

external iliac nodes