Anatomy 1 (femoral triangle, anterior and medial thigh) Flashcards
what is the superior border of the femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
what is the lateral border of the femoral triangle
sartorius
what is the medial border of the femoral triangle
adductor longus
what makes up the medial floor of the femoral triangle
pectineus
what makes up the lateral floor of the femoral triangle
iliopsoas
what does the femoral triangle contain (lateral to medial)
femoral nerve, artery, vein and canal
what does the femoral canal contain
deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue
what is the femoral canal the location of
femoral hernia formation
what is contained in the femoral sheath
femoral artery and vein
what makes up the sheath
short tube of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdominal wall which surrounds the most proximal parts of the femoral artery and vein
what does the femoral sheath blend with inferiorly
adventitia of femoral artery and vein
where is the femoral nerve formed in
(L2, L3, L4) formed in the lumbar plexus
what function does the saphenous nerve have
sensory
where does the saphenous nerve branch off from
femoral nerve
where does the saphenous nerve leave
the adductor canal distally
where does the saphenous nerve pass between
sartorius and gracilis (from medial compartment)
where does saphenous nerve supply
fascia and skin of anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and the medial aspect of the foot where it accompanies the great saphenous vein
how does femoral hernia present
painful lump in groin
what can result in a femoral hernia
increased abdominal pressure
what herniates into the femoral canal
peritoneum with or without abdominal contents
what supplies the majority of the blood to the head of the femur
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
what does the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries supply blood to the head of the femur through
retinacular branches
where do the retinacular branches of the of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries pass
superiorly in relation to the femoral neck and capsule of the hip joint
what are the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries named according to
the aspect of the profunda femoris they emerge from
what can the femoral pulse be used for
to locate the femoral nerve and vein
what is the femoral nerve used for
nerve block procedures
what is the femoral vein used for
cannulation procedures
what is the inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis
inguinal ligament
what does the inguinal ligament run between
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle
what does the inguinal ligament form
a gutter
what does the medial half of the inguinal ligament contain
inguinal canal
what does the inguinal canal contain
spermatic cord (males) round ligament (females)
where do the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscle enter and leave the lower limb
deep (posterior) to inguinal ligament in retroinguinal space
what can a fracture of the neck of the femur result in
damage of the medial circumflex artery
what can damage of the medial circumflex artery result in
avascular necrosis of the femoral head
what deep tendon is struck in the “knee jerk” response
patellar tendon
what is stretched in “knee jerk” response
quadriceps muscle
what is the normal response to the “knee jerk” reaction
contraction of the quadriceps and slight knee extension
what is the nerve supply being tested in the “knee jerk” response
femoral nerve (L2, 3 and 4)
what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh known as
“adductor group”
what is the function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
adduct the thigh at the hip joint
what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus
what is special about the adductor magnus
has an adductor part and hamstring part
what is the most medial muscle of the medial thigh
gracilis
what is characteristic of the gracilis muscle
thin strap muscle like sartorius descending along the medial aspect of the thigh
what is the only muscle to cross the knee joint as well as the hip joint
gracilis (weak flexor of knee)
where does the gracilis insert
superomedial aspect of the tibia
what is the positioning of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus
adductor brevis and longus lie anterior to adductor magnus and adductor brevis lies superiorly to adductor longus
what is the proximal attachments of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus
pubis, ischiopubic ramus or the ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of adductor magnus)
what is the distal attachments of the adductor brevis, longus and magnus
posterior surface of the femur shaft along the linea aspera or the adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring part of adductor magnus)
what nerve innervates the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
obturator nerve (L2-4)
what nerve innervates the hamstring part of the adductor magnus
tibial nerve
where do the obturator nerve, artery and vein enter the medial compartment of the thigh
obturator foramen of hip bone
what branches does the obturator nerve divide into
anterior and posterior branches
where does the obturator nerve divide
upper border of adductor brevis
where is the anterior branch of the obturator nerve located
between adductor longus (anteriorly) and brevis (posteriorly) in the superior part of the medial compartment
what is the sensory innervation of the thigh
anterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh and cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve
where does the anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from
branch of femoral nerve (L2, 3 and 4)
where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh come from
branch of lumbosacral plexus (L2, 3)
where does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve come from
L2, 3 and 4
where does lymph following the great saphenous vein drain to
superficial inguinal lymph nodes located in superficial fascia around vein
where does lymph from the superficial inguinal nodes drain to
external iliac nodes and some to deep inguinal nodes
where does lymph following the small saphenous vein drain to
popliteal lymph nodes located in popliteal fossa
where does lymph from popliteal nodes drain to
deep inguinal nodes
where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes found
deep to the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) medial to femoral vein
where does lymph from deep inguinal lymph drain to
external iliac nodes
