Anatomy 2 (gluteal region)

Question 1

what is the superior border of the gluteal regions

Answer 1

iliac crest

Question 2

what is the inferior border of the gluteal region

Answer 2

gluteal fold/sulcus

Question 3

what marks the lateral extent of the gluteal region

Answer 3

greater trochanter of the femur

Question 4

what are the three superficial muscles of the gluteal regions

Answer 4

gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

Question 5

what is the most superficial of the gluteal muscles

Answer 5

gluteus maximus

Question 6

where does the gluteus maximus attach proximally

Answer 6

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx

Question 7

where does the gluteus maximus attach to distally

Answer 7

iliotibial tract and some fibres attach distally to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Question 8

what is the function of the gluteus maximus

Answer 8

extensor of the hip (most powerful)

Question 9

what other function does the gluteus maximus have along with the superficial fascia overlying it

Answer 9

defines gluteal fold

Question 10

where do the gluteus medius and minimus attach to

Answer 10

external/posterior/gluteal aspect of ilium and anterolateral; aspect of greater trochanter of femur

Question 11

what is the function of the gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 11

abduct and medially (internally) rotate thigh at hip joint

Question 12

what nerve supplies the gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 12

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and 2)

Question 13

what is the test for damage to the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 13

Trendelenburgs

Question 14

what does the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle contain

Answer 14

inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L5, S1 and 2)

Question 15

what does the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle supply

Answer 15

gluteus maximus

Question 16

where is the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle

Answer 16

deep to the gluteus maximus

Question 17

what does the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle contain

Answer 17

superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L5, S1 and 2)

Question 18

what does the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle supply

Answer 18

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 19

where is the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle

Answer 19

deep two gluteus medius

Question 20

what is the function of the deep layer of muscles

Answer 20

lateral rotation of lower limb at the hip joint and also help to stabilise the head of the femur in the acetabulum

Question 21

how do the deep muscles of the gluteal region run

Answer 21

arranged in strips running approximately transversely from medial tot lateral between sacrum, ilium and ischial spine and tuberosity medially and mainly the greater trochanter of the femur laterally

Question 22

what is the iliotibial tract also called

Answer 22

fascia lata

Question 23

what is the iliotibial tract

Answer 23

thickening of the deep fascia of the thigh

Question 24

what does the iliotibial tract run between

Answer 24

ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle at the Gerdy tubercle

Question 25

what does the iliotibial tract do

Answer 25

supports the knee joint

Question 26

what is the tensor fascia latae

Answer 26

muscular part of fascia lata

Question 27

what part of the fascia lata is the tensor fascia latae

Answer 27

proximal portion

Question 28

what are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve

Answer 28

L4 to S3

Question 29

where is the sciatic nerve formed

Answer 29

lumbosacral plexus of pelvis

Question 30

where does the sciatic nerve emerge

Answer 30

middle gluteal region

Question 31

where does the sciatic nerve descend

Answer 31

leaves the middle gluteal region and enters the posterior compartment of the thigh, the branches descend through the popliteal fossa and posterior and lateral compartments of the leg into the foot

Question 32

what can cause sciatica

Answer 32

lumbar “slipped discs”, entrapment of nerve due to hypertrophy or tightness of piriformis

Question 33

what are the spinal nerve roots of pudendal nerve

Answer 33

S2-4

Question 34

where is the pudendal nerve formed

Answer 34

sacral plexus of pelvis

Question 35

where does the pudendal nerve emerge

Answer 35

into the middle of the gluteal region

Question 36

what does the pudendal nerve supply

Answer 36

muscles, skin and fascia of much of the perineum

Question 37

what type of procedure is pudendal nerve block

Answer 37

obstetric

Question 38

where is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh formed

Answer 38

S1-3 sacral plexus

Question 39

where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh emerge

Answer 39

middle of the gluteal region

Question 40

what does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply

Answer 40

skin over posterior aspect of thigh

Question 41

what type of nerve is posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 41

somatic with sensory and sympathetic fibres

Question 42

what does a lumbar puncture test for

Answer 42

conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord or other nervous system conditions

Question 43

where are samples of cerebrospinal fluid taken from

Answer 43

subarachnoid space surrounding spinal cord

Question 44

how should the patient be positioned for lumbar puncture

Answer 44

patient on left side and fully flexed (knees to chin)

Question 45

the iliac crests should be identified and the pane between them visualised what level is this at

Answer 45

L3/4

Question 46

where does the spinal cord end in adults

Answer 46

L1/2

Question 47

what is the terminal part of the spinal cord called

Answer 47

conus medullaris