Orthomyxoviridae

Question 1

Surface glycoproteins of Orthomyxoviridae

Answer 1

a. Hemagglutinin (HA)
b. Neuraminidase (NA)

Question 2

rod-shaped spikes which attaches to sialic acid; 16 HA antigens

Answer 2

Hemagglutinin (HA)

Question 3

mushroom-shaped spikes which releases mature virions from infected host cells; 9 NA antigens

Answer 3

Neuraminidase (NA)

Question 4

major genetic changes resulting to novel viral antigens; only Influenza A

Answer 4

Antigenic shift

Question 5

reason why we have pandemic/epidemic

Answer 5

Antigenic shift

Question 6

❖ H1N1:
❖ H2N2:
❖ H3N2:
❖ H5N1:
❖ H7N9:

Answer 6

❖ H1N1: Spanish flu
❖ H2N2: Asian flu
❖ H3N2: Hongkong flu
❖ H5N1: Asian Avian flu (Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza)
❖ H7N9: Asian (first reported in China

Question 7

minor genetic changes that occur infrequently; occurs in all Influenza types

Answer 7

Antigen drift

Question 8

Reason why we have annual vaccination

Answer 8

Antigen drift

Question 9

Paramyxoviridae virus (4)

Answer 9

Rubeola/Measles
Rubula/Mump’s
Parainfluenza Virus
Respiratory Syncytial virus

Question 10

Rubeola/Measles disease (2)

Answer 10

➢ Measles – Koplik’s spots in oral mucosa
➢ Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Question 11

Rubula/Mump’s disease (2)

Answer 11

➢ Parotitis (swelling of the salivary glands)
➢ Complication: orchitis (inflammation of testicles)

Question 12

Parainfluenza Virus disease (2)

Answer 12

➢ PIV-1: croup(laryngotracheobronchitis)
➢ PIV-3: bronchiolitis & pneumonia

Question 13

Most significant cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children <5 y.o

Answer 13

Respiratory Syncytial virus

Question 14

Picornaviridae viruses (2)

Answer 14

Enteroviruses
Rhinovirus

Question 15

Picornaviridae
acid resistant
acid sensitive

Answer 15

Enteroviruses (acid-resistant)
Rhinovirus (acid sensitive)

Question 16

Enteroviruses (4)

Answer 16

Poliovirus,
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B,
Echovirus

Question 17

Major cause of common cold

Answer 17

Rhinovirus

Question 18

Most common cause of aseptic meningitis

Answer 18

Enteroviruses

Question 19

Retroviridae virus (3)

Answer 19

HIV-1
HIV-2
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1 & 2)

Question 20

➢ Responsible for the AIDS pandemic
➢ Higher transmission rate

Answer 20

HIV-1

Question 21

Most common in West Africa

Answer 21

HIV-2

Question 22

Isolated in patients with Hairy Cell Leukemia

Answer 22

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1 & 2)

Question 23

Rhabdoviridae virus

Answer 23

Rabies Virus

Question 24

Togaviridae viruses (2)

Answer 24

Rubivirus/Rubella
Alphavirus

Question 25

Rubivirus/Rubella disease

Answer 25

German measles/ Three-Day Measles – mild exanthematous disease

Question 26

Alphavirus disease (2)

Answer 26

➢ Eastern, Western, Venezuelan equine encephalitis
➢ Humans are dead-end hosts