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Board Exam > ORTHODONTICS > Flashcards

ORTHODONTICS Flashcards

1
Q

Father of orthodontics

A

Dr.Kingsley

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2
Q

Father of modern orthodontics

A

Dr. Angle

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3
Q

term orthodontics was coined by

A

LE FOULON

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4
Q

6 keys to normal occlusion

A

class one molar relationship
MD CROWN angulation
labio lingual crown angulation
no rotation
tight proximal contacts
flat occlusal plane

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5
Q

malocclusion is critical in what age

A

6-10 years old

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6
Q

MB cusp of Max 1st molar lies up with the Buccal groove of Mand 1st Molar

A

Class 1

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7
Q

Max Canine lies up between mand canine and 1st premolar

A

Class 1

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8
Q

it is the mix dentition or ugly duckling stage age

A

6 to 10 years old

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9
Q

True or false
Malocclusion is hereditary

A

True

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10
Q

what is the corner stone of malocclusion

A

Mandibular first molar

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11
Q

horizontal
Labial to labial
Normal 2 to 3MM

A

Overjet

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12
Q

vertical
Incisal
Normal one to 2MM

A

Overbite

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13
Q

six types of class 1 malocclusion

A

overcrowding
labioversion
Anterior crossbite
Posterior crossbite
Mesial drift
Bimaxillary protrusion

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14
Q

causes of Mesial drift

A

interproximal caries
interproximal attrition
Premature loss of primary molars

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15
Q

three facial appearances in my maxillary protrusion

A

separation of the lips at rest
Severe lip strain
Premature loss of primary molars

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16
Q

also known as the distocclusion/ retrognathism

A

class 2

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17
Q

MB cusp of max 1st molar lies between tha mand 1st molar and 2nd premolar
Max canine is mesila to mand canine

A

class 2

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18
Q

class 2 subdivision

A

class 2 div 1
class2 div 2

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19
Q

also know as sunday bite
max incisors are in extreme labioversion

A

class 2 div 1

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20
Q

max central incisors are tipped palatally and in retruded position while themax lateral are typically tipped labially or mesially
spiderman
associated with deep bite
collum angle is present

A

class 2 div 2

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21
Q

also known as mesiocclosion/ prognathism
overjet is 0mm or negative

A

class 3

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22
Q

MB cusp of max 1st molar lies between the mand 1st molar and 2nd molar
max canine is distal to mand canine

A

class 3

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23
Q

3 types of class 3 malocclsion

A

edge to edge
anterior crowding
anterior crossbite

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24
Q

most common malocclusion

A

class 1

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25
Q

what i the treament of mild crowding

A

disking

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26
Q

what is the treatment for severe crowding

A

serial extraction

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27
Q

what will happen if there’s a premature loss of primary canine

A

insufficient arch size in anterior

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28
Q

t/f
arch length decreases as a result of loss of E

A

true

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29
Q

T/F
arch perimeter increases slightly after eruption of incisors

A

true

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30
Q

measurement of mild crowding

A

1-2mm

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31
Q

indicated only in class 1 malocclusion

A

serial extraction

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32
Q

serial extraction

A

primary canine
primary 1st molar
first premolar

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33
Q

movements of canine after serial extraction

A

downward and backward

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34
Q

it determines the future anterior posterior position of permanent 1st molar
compares distal portion of E

A

primary molar relationship

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35
Q

normal cusp to cusp permanent 1st molar

A

flush / straight terminal plane

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36
Q

with immediate available space leads to class 1

A

early mesial shift

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37
Q

without immediate available space leads to cusp to cusp

A

latemesial shift

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38
Q

leads to angle class 2

A

distal step

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39
Q

leads to angle class 1

A

mesial step

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40
Q

leads to class 3

A

more mesially

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41
Q

the difference between MD of CDE -456

A

leeway space

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42
Q

primate space in maxillary

A

lateral and canine

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43
Q

primate space in mandibular

A

canine and first molar

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44
Q

measurement mandibular leewayspace

A

1.7mm each side

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45
Q

maxillary leewayspace

A

0.9mm each side

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46
Q

helps detects deviations in the vertical plane

A

frankFort horizontal plane

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47
Q

it helps detect devation in the transverse plane

A

Orbital plane

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48
Q

Dental arch is more anterior

A

protraction

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49
Q

Dental arch is more posterior

A

Retraction

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50
Q

helps the detect deviations in the sagittal plane

A

mid sagital plane

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51
Q

the best method of preserving arch length

A

restore carious teeth

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52
Q

reveals arch length discrepancies

A

age 7-9

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53
Q

Signs of incipient malocclusion

A

lack of interdental spacing in the primary dentition
Crowding of permanent incisors during mixed dentition
premature loss of primary canine

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54
Q

speech difficulty with fricatives ( F V )
dentolabial

A

skeletal class 3

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55
Q

speech difficulty T D

A

irregular incisor
(lingual position of max incisor)

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56
Q

speech difficulty of sibilants ( S Z)

A

anterior open bite
large gap between incisor

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57
Q

long term of mand perm 1st molar

A

molar uprighting

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58
Q

time frame of molar uprighting

A

6-12 months

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59
Q

stabilization of molar uprighting

A

2-6months

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60
Q

it determines
tooth to tooth
bone to bone
bone to tooth

A

lateral cephalometric

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61
Q

it is used to assess facial asymmetry

A

frontal cephalometric

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62
Q

highest point in the concavity behind the occipital condyle

A

bolton

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63
Q

what is the most stable landmark in cephalometric

A

sella turcica ( nearest to the brain)
fully developed

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64
Q

Po- Or forms what plane

A

frankfort horizontal plane

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65
Q

N-S forms what

A

Sell -Nasion plane

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66
Q

N-Pog forms what

A

Facial plane

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67
Q

Me-Go forms

A

Mandibular plane

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68
Q

what is poor man’s cephalometric

A

facial profile analysis

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69
Q

facial profile analysis landmark

A

glabella
base of the nose
tip of the chin

70
Q

the usual facial profile of newborn

A

class 2 or convex type

71
Q

steep mand plane angle

A

open bite

72
Q

flat mand plane angle

A

deep bite

73
Q

it is very common in a patient with history of cleft palate and ant crossbite

A

max retrusion or retrognathism

74
Q

it predicts size of unerupted 3,4,5 through calculations of mand incisor

A

mixed dentition analysis by moyer

75
Q

measures the ratio / proportion of mand max tooth size
estimates overbite and overjet

A

boltons analysis

76
Q

determine if crowding is due to inadequate apical bases based on measurement on apical base width at premolars

A

Howes Anaysis

77
Q

indicates that if faciolingual is greater than MD broader contact areas it result in more stable and resistant crowding

A

Peck and peck

78
Q

indication for removable appliance

A

tipping movements
retention after comprehensive movements
Growth modification during the mixed dentition

79
Q

Major disadvantage of removable appliance

A

Patience, compliance

80
Q

major complaint of removable appliance

A

Problem on lingo alveolar speech sound

81
Q

most common allergic reaction

A

Acrylic resin

82
Q

It produces automatic tipping movement

A

finger spring

83
Q

used in developing skeletal class two to hold the maxillary growth and allows the mandible to catch up

A

Headgear

84
Q

It allows movement of the teeth without disturbing the opposing arch

A

Headgear

85
Q

The most important factor in installing headgear

A

Proper timing of growth spurt

86
Q

Treatment length of headgear

A

6 to 18 months

87
Q

growth spurt of male

A

9.5 to 11.5 years old.

88
Q

Female growth spurt

A

8.5 to 10.5 years old.

89
Q

it has head cup connected to Facebow

A

high pull gear

90
Q

Facebow are made up of what

A

Stainless steel having a diameter between 0.040 to 0.050.

91
Q

uses canine tooth for retraction

A

J pull headgear

92
Q

This is the most common extraoral headgear

A

cervical pull headgear

93
Q

first tooth board appliance
It advances the mandible to an edge to edge to stimulate mandibular growth for class two

A

Activator

94
Q

trimmed down version of activator

A

bionator

95
Q

maxilla and mandible, or splinted together via pin and tube that holds the mandible forward

A

herbst

96
Q

Uses oversized stainless steel crowns on both upper and lower molars

A

Mara appliance

97
Q

it is the only tissue born appliance muscle of the cheeks and lips
It alters both mandibular posture and contour of facial soft tissue

A

Frankel, functional

98
Q

it is with anterior torquing springs prevents tipping and produces bodily movement of the incisors

A

Bass appliance

99
Q

He introduced myofunctional therapy

A

Dr. Alfred Rogers

100
Q

Disadvantage of fixed appliances

A

proper oral hygiene

101
Q

The simplest type of tooth movement
When the route and Crown move, but the opposite direction

A

tipping

102
Q

where is the center of rotation of tipping located?

A

apical 1/3 of the root

103
Q

bodily movement
When the crown and route of the tooth move in the same direction

A

Translation

104
Q

movement of route without movement of crown

A

Torque

105
Q

The center of rotation of torque

A

Incisal edge

106
Q

Revolving the tooth around, it’s long axis

A

Rotation

107
Q

It is a rotation of the tooth around its own axis

A

torciversion

108
Q

bodily displacement of tooth along its long axis in an occlusal direction

A

extrusion

109
Q

Bodily movement of the tooth along axis of the tooth in an apical direction

A

Intrusion

110
Q

Most common archwire

A

stainless steel and cobalt chromium

111
Q

Memory wire

A

Ni ti

112
Q

Composed of titanium and molybdenum wire most resilient and tough

A

beta ti

113
Q

easiest tooth movement

A

mesially tipping

114
Q

facial lingual rotational movement of wire

A

1st order bend

115
Q

mesial and distal tip bend

A

2nd order bend

116
Q

torque movement

A

third order bend

117
Q

They are the ones who give force to allow movement

A

Active component

118
Q

It is the enzyme that interferes with orthodontic movement

A

Alkaline phosphatase

119
Q

cells tension side

A

Osteoblast

120
Q

cells in pressure side

A

Osteoclasts

121
Q

it is defined as force applied to teeth for the purpose of affecting tooth movement generally having a magnitude lower than an orthodontic force

A

Orthodontic force

122
Q

when the diameter of wire is the doubled the force exerted on the teeth is

A

16 X

123
Q

made up of latex rubber

A

Elastics

124
Q

It is a continuous force, but demonstrates a decreasing amount of force within a short period of time

A

Dissipating

125
Q

horizontal or inter-maxillary
The intra-arch elastics are stretch between the molars and anterior teeth
They are generally used for space closure, found in anterior teeth

A

Class one elastics

126
Q

enter maxillary, elastics stretch between the lower molars and upper anterior
Used to treat class two malocclusion

A

class 2 elastics

127
Q

inter-maxillary elastics stretch between the upper molars and lower anterior’s used to treat class 3 malocclusion

A

Class three elastics

128
Q

closure of a deer open bite
Least relapse
Used to treat anterior open bite

A

Anterior or box elastics

129
Q

used to treat class 2 division one malocclusion

A

Zigzag elastics

130
Q

act as handles to transmit the force from the active component of the teeth
Direct attachment of orthodontic brackets to the tooth, or retained by mechanical bond

A

Brackets

131
Q

most common orthodontic appliance
Has rectangular slot facing Labially
provides greater control over tooth movement and do not permit tipping of tooth

A

Edgewise brackets

132
Q

Underbite or reversed overjet

A

Anterior crossbite

133
Q

it is caused by over retained primary tooth

A

Single tooth crossbite

134
Q

Treatment for single tooth cross bite

A

inclined plane
Catalans appliance
Reverse stainless steel

135
Q

cause of multiple teeth crossbite

A

Skeletal class three

136
Q

Treatment for skeletal class three

A

protraction face mask

137
Q

Adverse effect of palatal expander

A

spacing in anteriors

138
Q

Used to treat my posterior crossbite

A

Jack screw

139
Q

Most common slow expander

A

Palatal expansion, lingual arch

140
Q

it is when the opposite arches cant be brought into occlusion

A

Open bite

141
Q

also known as apertognathism or associated to long face syndrome

A

Open bite

142
Q

Effects of thumb, sucking

A

labioversion of maxillary anterior teeth
Linguoversion of mandibular anterior teeth
Deep, palatal vault

143
Q

What is the initial treatment of thumbsucking habit?

A

Control oral habit

144
Q

What is the appliance of choice for thumbsucking habit?

A

palatal crib

145
Q

What type of elastics used to treat open bite

A

Anterior or box type elastic

146
Q

tongue protrude during swallowing or even at rest

A

Tongue thrusting

147
Q

what is the initial treatment for tongue thrusting?

A

Control or breaking oral habit

148
Q

What is the appliance of choice for tongue thrusting?

A

tongue crib

149
Q

What is the appliance of choice to correct swallowing?

A
150
Q

Appliance of choice for bruxism

A

Night guard

151
Q

Appliance of choice for cheek or lip, biting

A

oral screens

152
Q

Appliance of choice for mouth breathing

A

Oral vestibule, shield, or screen

153
Q

it prevents mesial drifting of permanent first molar

A

Space maintainers

154
Q

Best time to install space maintainer

A

When there are permanent first molars and incisors

155
Q

Best time to remove space maintainer

A

White spot in tissue

156
Q

Uni or bilateral single tooth loss

A

Band and loop

157
Q

Uni or bilateral multiple teeth loss

A

Lingual holding arch

158
Q

when there is a early loss of primary second molar prior to eruption of permanent first molar

A

Distal shoe

159
Q

unilateral multiple teeth loss

A

Transpalatal arch

160
Q

bilateral multiple teeth loss

A

nance appliance

161
Q

most common space maintainer

A

Band and loop

162
Q

Best space maintainer

A

Well, restore tooth

163
Q

Appliance is recommended to patient with congenitally missing teeth

A

Dentures

164
Q

Space found between permanent maxillary central incisors

A

Diastema

165
Q

Factors affecting growth

A

heredity
Nutrition
Illness
Race
Social economic states
Family size
Psychogenic disturbances
Exercise

166
Q

The progress towards maturity

A

Development

167
Q

refers to increase in size
Quantitative aspect of biological development per unit time
Change in any morphological parameter, which is measurable

A

Growth

168
Q

Biological process having an underlying control at the cellular and tissue levels

A

Morphogenesis

169
Q

qualitative changes that occur with age

A

Maturation

170
Q

A change in position

A

Translocation

171
Q

refers to a period of sudden acceleration of growth

A

Growth spurt

Board Exam (11 decks)

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