ORTHODONTICS Flashcards
Father of orthodontics
Dr.Kingsley
Father of modern orthodontics
Dr. Angle
term orthodontics was coined by
LE FOULON
6 keys to normal occlusion
class one molar relationship
MD CROWN angulation
labio lingual crown angulation
no rotation
tight proximal contacts
flat occlusal plane
malocclusion is critical in what age
6-10 years old
MB cusp of Max 1st molar lies up with the Buccal groove of Mand 1st Molar
Class 1
Max Canine lies up between mand canine and 1st premolar
Class 1
it is the mix dentition or ugly duckling stage age
6 to 10 years old
True or false
Malocclusion is hereditary
True
what is the corner stone of malocclusion
Mandibular first molar
horizontal
Labial to labial
Normal 2 to 3MM
Overjet
vertical
Incisal
Normal one to 2MM
Overbite
six types of class 1 malocclusion
overcrowding
labioversion
Anterior crossbite
Posterior crossbite
Mesial drift
Bimaxillary protrusion
causes of Mesial drift
interproximal caries
interproximal attrition
Premature loss of primary molars
three facial appearances in my maxillary protrusion
separation of the lips at rest
Severe lip strain
Premature loss of primary molars
also known as the distocclusion/ retrognathism
class 2
MB cusp of max 1st molar lies between tha mand 1st molar and 2nd premolar
Max canine is mesila to mand canine
class 2
class 2 subdivision
class 2 div 1
class2 div 2
also know as sunday bite
max incisors are in extreme labioversion
class 2 div 1
max central incisors are tipped palatally and in retruded position while themax lateral are typically tipped labially or mesially
spiderman
associated with deep bite
collum angle is present
class 2 div 2
also known as mesiocclosion/ prognathism
overjet is 0mm or negative
class 3
MB cusp of max 1st molar lies between the mand 1st molar and 2nd molar
max canine is distal to mand canine
class 3
3 types of class 3 malocclsion
edge to edge
anterior crowding
anterior crossbite
most common malocclusion
class 1
what i the treament of mild crowding
disking
what is the treatment for severe crowding
serial extraction
what will happen if there’s a premature loss of primary canine
insufficient arch size in anterior
t/f
arch length decreases as a result of loss of E
true
T/F
arch perimeter increases slightly after eruption of incisors
true
measurement of mild crowding
1-2mm
indicated only in class 1 malocclusion
serial extraction
serial extraction
primary canine
primary 1st molar
first premolar
movements of canine after serial extraction
downward and backward
it determines the future anterior posterior position of permanent 1st molar
compares distal portion of E
primary molar relationship
normal cusp to cusp permanent 1st molar
flush / straight terminal plane
with immediate available space leads to class 1
early mesial shift
without immediate available space leads to cusp to cusp
latemesial shift
leads to angle class 2
distal step
leads to angle class 1
mesial step
leads to class 3
more mesially
the difference between MD of CDE -456
leeway space
primate space in maxillary
lateral and canine
primate space in mandibular
canine and first molar
measurement mandibular leewayspace
1.7mm each side
maxillary leewayspace
0.9mm each side
helps detects deviations in the vertical plane
frankFort horizontal plane
it helps detect devation in the transverse plane
Orbital plane
Dental arch is more anterior
protraction
Dental arch is more posterior
Retraction
helps the detect deviations in the sagittal plane
mid sagital plane
the best method of preserving arch length
restore carious teeth
reveals arch length discrepancies
age 7-9
Signs of incipient malocclusion
lack of interdental spacing in the primary dentition
Crowding of permanent incisors during mixed dentition
premature loss of primary canine
speech difficulty with fricatives ( F V )
dentolabial
skeletal class 3
speech difficulty T D
irregular incisor
(lingual position of max incisor)
speech difficulty of sibilants ( S Z)
anterior open bite
large gap between incisor
long term of mand perm 1st molar
molar uprighting
time frame of molar uprighting
6-12 months
stabilization of molar uprighting
2-6months
it determines
tooth to tooth
bone to bone
bone to tooth
lateral cephalometric
it is used to assess facial asymmetry
frontal cephalometric
highest point in the concavity behind the occipital condyle
bolton
what is the most stable landmark in cephalometric
sella turcica ( nearest to the brain)
fully developed
Po- Or forms what plane
frankfort horizontal plane
N-S forms what
Sell -Nasion plane
N-Pog forms what
Facial plane
Me-Go forms
Mandibular plane
what is poor man’s cephalometric
facial profile analysis
facial profile analysis landmark
glabella
base of the nose
tip of the chin
the usual facial profile of newborn
class 2 or convex type
steep mand plane angle
open bite
flat mand plane angle
deep bite
it is very common in a patient with history of cleft palate and ant crossbite
max retrusion or retrognathism
it predicts size of unerupted 3,4,5 through calculations of mand incisor
mixed dentition analysis by moyer
measures the ratio / proportion of mand max tooth size
estimates overbite and overjet
boltons analysis
determine if crowding is due to inadequate apical bases based on measurement on apical base width at premolars
Howes Anaysis
indicates that if faciolingual is greater than MD broader contact areas it result in more stable and resistant crowding
Peck and peck
indication for removable appliance
tipping movements
retention after comprehensive movements
Growth modification during the mixed dentition
Major disadvantage of removable appliance
Patience, compliance
major complaint of removable appliance
Problem on lingo alveolar speech sound
most common allergic reaction
Acrylic resin
It produces automatic tipping movement
finger spring
used in developing skeletal class two to hold the maxillary growth and allows the mandible to catch up
Headgear
It allows movement of the teeth without disturbing the opposing arch
Headgear
The most important factor in installing headgear
Proper timing of growth spurt
Treatment length of headgear
6 to 18 months
growth spurt of male
9.5 to 11.5 years old.
Female growth spurt
8.5 to 10.5 years old.
it has head cup connected to Facebow
high pull gear
Facebow are made up of what
Stainless steel having a diameter between 0.040 to 0.050.
uses canine tooth for retraction
J pull headgear
This is the most common extraoral headgear
cervical pull headgear
first tooth board appliance
It advances the mandible to an edge to edge to stimulate mandibular growth for class two
Activator
trimmed down version of activator
bionator
maxilla and mandible, or splinted together via pin and tube that holds the mandible forward
herbst
Uses oversized stainless steel crowns on both upper and lower molars
Mara appliance
it is the only tissue born appliance muscle of the cheeks and lips
It alters both mandibular posture and contour of facial soft tissue
Frankel, functional
it is with anterior torquing springs prevents tipping and produces bodily movement of the incisors
Bass appliance
He introduced myofunctional therapy
Dr. Alfred Rogers
Disadvantage of fixed appliances
proper oral hygiene
The simplest type of tooth movement
When the route and Crown move, but the opposite direction
tipping
where is the center of rotation of tipping located?
apical 1/3 of the root
bodily movement
When the crown and route of the tooth move in the same direction
Translation
movement of route without movement of crown
Torque
The center of rotation of torque
Incisal edge
Revolving the tooth around, it’s long axis
Rotation
It is a rotation of the tooth around its own axis
torciversion
bodily displacement of tooth along its long axis in an occlusal direction
extrusion
Bodily movement of the tooth along axis of the tooth in an apical direction
Intrusion
Most common archwire
stainless steel and cobalt chromium
Memory wire
Ni ti
Composed of titanium and molybdenum wire most resilient and tough
beta ti
easiest tooth movement
mesially tipping
facial lingual rotational movement of wire
1st order bend
mesial and distal tip bend
2nd order bend
torque movement
third order bend
They are the ones who give force to allow movement
Active component
It is the enzyme that interferes with orthodontic movement
Alkaline phosphatase
cells tension side
Osteoblast
cells in pressure side
Osteoclasts
it is defined as force applied to teeth for the purpose of affecting tooth movement generally having a magnitude lower than an orthodontic force
Orthodontic force
when the diameter of wire is the doubled the force exerted on the teeth is
16 X
made up of latex rubber
Elastics
It is a continuous force, but demonstrates a decreasing amount of force within a short period of time
Dissipating
horizontal or inter-maxillary
The intra-arch elastics are stretch between the molars and anterior teeth
They are generally used for space closure, found in anterior teeth
Class one elastics
enter maxillary, elastics stretch between the lower molars and upper anterior
Used to treat class two malocclusion
class 2 elastics
inter-maxillary elastics stretch between the upper molars and lower anterior’s used to treat class 3 malocclusion
Class three elastics
closure of a deer open bite
Least relapse
Used to treat anterior open bite
Anterior or box elastics
used to treat class 2 division one malocclusion
Zigzag elastics
act as handles to transmit the force from the active component of the teeth
Direct attachment of orthodontic brackets to the tooth, or retained by mechanical bond
Brackets
most common orthodontic appliance
Has rectangular slot facing Labially
provides greater control over tooth movement and do not permit tipping of tooth
Edgewise brackets
Underbite or reversed overjet
Anterior crossbite
it is caused by over retained primary tooth
Single tooth crossbite
Treatment for single tooth cross bite
inclined plane
Catalans appliance
Reverse stainless steel
cause of multiple teeth crossbite
Skeletal class three
Treatment for skeletal class three
protraction face mask
Adverse effect of palatal expander
spacing in anteriors
Used to treat my posterior crossbite
Jack screw
Most common slow expander
Palatal expansion, lingual arch
it is when the opposite arches cant be brought into occlusion
Open bite
also known as apertognathism or associated to long face syndrome
Open bite
Effects of thumb, sucking
labioversion of maxillary anterior teeth
Linguoversion of mandibular anterior teeth
Deep, palatal vault
What is the initial treatment of thumbsucking habit?
Control oral habit
What is the appliance of choice for thumbsucking habit?
palatal crib
What type of elastics used to treat open bite
Anterior or box type elastic
tongue protrude during swallowing or even at rest
Tongue thrusting
what is the initial treatment for tongue thrusting?
Control or breaking oral habit
What is the appliance of choice for tongue thrusting?
tongue crib
What is the appliance of choice to correct swallowing?
Appliance of choice for bruxism
Night guard
Appliance of choice for cheek or lip, biting
oral screens
Appliance of choice for mouth breathing
Oral vestibule, shield, or screen
it prevents mesial drifting of permanent first molar
Space maintainers
Best time to install space maintainer
When there are permanent first molars and incisors
Best time to remove space maintainer
White spot in tissue
Uni or bilateral single tooth loss
Band and loop
Uni or bilateral multiple teeth loss
Lingual holding arch
when there is a early loss of primary second molar prior to eruption of permanent first molar
Distal shoe
unilateral multiple teeth loss
Transpalatal arch
bilateral multiple teeth loss
nance appliance
most common space maintainer
Band and loop
Best space maintainer
Well, restore tooth
Appliance is recommended to patient with congenitally missing teeth
Dentures
Space found between permanent maxillary central incisors
Diastema
Factors affecting growth
heredity
Nutrition
Illness
Race
Social economic states
Family size
Psychogenic disturbances
Exercise
The progress towards maturity
Development
refers to increase in size
Quantitative aspect of biological development per unit time
Change in any morphological parameter, which is measurable
Growth
Biological process having an underlying control at the cellular and tissue levels
Morphogenesis
qualitative changes that occur with age
Maturation
A change in position
Translocation
refers to a period of sudden acceleration of growth
Growth spurt
