COMDENT & PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards
measures of central tendency
Biostatistics
three types of measure of central tendency
Mean
Median
mode
The simplest measure of central tendency
Specific me to number
Average
Sensitive to extreme scores
Mean
not appropriate measure for a skewed distribution
Mean
insensitive to extreme scores
middle number
set of measurement into 2 halves
Median
Most frequent occurring value
mode
Difference between smallest item, and value of large item
Range
Three measures of dispersion or variation
range
Co-efficient of variation
Standard deviation
How far of the data in your sample is clustered around them
co efficient of variation
most important and widely used measure of study dispersion
Standard deviation
it is a collection of information from there is representative active units in the sample
Sampling
it is the collection of all the information from all the individuals in a population
Units from population, let’s complete accurate and every 10 years
Census
It is used when population is small, homogenous and ready available
Simple, random sampling
it is used when population is large homogenous and scattered
Systemic sampling
what is the formula of systemic sampling?
K= total population /
sample size desire
It is used one population is large divide population in two separate groups known as strata. An example is drawn randomly from each stratum.
Stratified sampling
Grouping the population first, then surveying the entire population
Cluster sampling
Three types of scales in statistics stable
nominal
Ordinal
Interval, or numeric
The information is divided into a definitive qualitative basis
Nominal
Rank order relation
Ordinal
Use a scale graded in equal increments
Interval, or numeric
Who is the father of health statistics?
John Graunt
census conducted every
10 years
Single data
Bar diagram
A bar diagram without Doc or no space between the bars blocks different types of data
Used to depict quantitive data of continuous type
Histogram
used to compare two or more frequency, distribution
Point is marked over the midpoint of the class interval, and connected by straight lines
Frequency polygon
Commonly used to show percentage
pie diagram
Geographic distribution of frequencies
cartogram, or spot map
Popular method of presenting data to man in street
Pictogram
branch of medical science, which treats epidemic
parkin
Science of mass phenomena of infectious disease
Frost
Study of distribution and determinants of health related states in specified population in the application of the study to control health problems
John last
Four principles of epidemiology
exact observation
Correct interpretation
Rational explanation
Scientific construction
it is a cluster of gases occurring during a brief time interval, and affecting a specific population may be on set of an epidemic
Outbreak
it is a word used to refer to a disease that is already presented in the population of a particular area
When did you say it’s permanently in the population of an area is referred to as
Never ending
Endemic
this is that spreads in an area or country suddenly
The occurrence of a deceased clearly in excess of normal expectation
A temporary prevalence of a disease
Epidemic
Prevalent throughout an entire country continent or the whole world
Pandemic
Scattered incidence of a deceased
Sporadic
Endemic this is occurring in animals
endozootic
Epidemic disease occurring in
Epizootic
this is imported into the country
Exotic
Variables are manipulated at the time the study is conducted
Experimental epidemiology
Two. Basic measurements in epidemiology.
Measure of mortality
Measure of morbidity
incidence of death
Death in population
Measure of mortality
incidence and prevalence
Incidence of you
Il health
Measure of morbidity
The proportion of a population with a problem at a designated time
Prevalence
The rate of a new problem during a period of time
Also known as communicative incidence
New cases
incidence
viewed as the absence of disease
Biomedical
Views, hell is dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment
Ecological
Emphasis on the promotion and protection of health
Holistic
Four fundamental principles of public health
prevention
Ethics
Teamwork
Cost efficiency
six. Main stages of dental health services.
Situation analysis
Problem, identification, and formulation of objectives
Formulation an analysis of alternative strategies
Identification of special efforts
Strategy selection
Program formulation
Five tools of dental, public health
epidemiology
Biostatistics
Social sciences
Principles of administration
Preventive dentistry
it is the prevention of the emergence or development of a risk factor
Not yet appeared
Main intervention through individual and mass education
Receiving special attention in the prevention of chronic diseases
Primordial prevention
action taken prior to the onset of the disease
Intervention in the pre-pathogenesis phase
Example health, education, plaque control program, diet counseling
primary prevention
action to talk to the progress of a disease in its incipient stages and prevents complication
Early diagnosis or screening test an adequate treatment
Example, scaling and curettage, simple, restorative treatment prophylaxis
Secondary prevention
disease process has advance
Disability, limitation
Example root canal pulpotomy extraction implants splinting
Tertiary prevention
Five public health promotion
build healthy public policy
Create supportive environment
Strengthen community action
Re-orient health services
Develop personal skill
He is the father of medicine, and first known epidemiologists
Hippocrates
Father of public health
chlora
father of epidemiology
Jon Snow
if a question refers to a Recents bus episode that occurred longer ago may also be reported
prior in information by interviewer is known ahead
Telescopic bias
Jumping into conclusions based upon coincidences
Post hook bias of cohort studies
It is the first license dental school
UP
from cost to affect into future, also known as prospective study, or longitudinal study or incident study
Forward in time
Cohort study
backwards in time
Backwards from effect to cause
Also known as retrospective study
Case control study
It is the probability that an individual will develop a specific disease in a given. Period
Risk
Comparison between two numbers with the same unit
ratio
The first identified case of a disease in an outbreak or epidemic
Index case
Father of dental hygiene
dr. fones
First to use Esther as an anesthetic agent
William Morton
Develop the first fluoride varnish
Schmidt
Organization of member agents that have a system of social relationship
Society
A group of members living together, in such a way that the members have a basic conditions of a common life
Community
Group of people united for a specific purpose
Association
Data in its original form
Raw data
Limited study
Pilot study
Measure of dispersion
Range
In what ages is topical fluoride applied
3 7 10 and 13 years old
fluoride that you can see in toothpaste, or mouthwash us
It is 2% topical application
Sodium fluoride
this used as a topical fluoride
It has 8% in topical application
Stannous fluoride
it is a synonym as universe
Population
Used referred to a measure of occurrence of certain disease
rate
