Orthodontic Appliances

Question 1

What are the two kinds of orthodontic appliances

Answer 1

fixed

removable

Question 2

What are four advantages of removable appliances

Answer 2

removable
more hygienic than fixed appliances
may be more esthetic
easier for certain growth modification treatment than fixed appliances

Question 3

What are three disadvantages of removable appliances

Answer 3

relying on patient compliance
less precise force control than fixed appliances
involves lab work

Question 4

What are the three primary uses of removable appliances

Answer 4

growth modification
minor tooth movements
retention

Question 5

This removable appliance stimulates mandibular growth and controls tooth eruption

Answer 5

bionator

Question 6

This removable appliance stimulates mandibular growth, can include an expander, and can add headgears

Answer 6

twin block

Question 7

This removable appliance is completely tissue borne, includes buccal shields or lip pads to reduce cheek and lip pressure for expansion, it stimulates mandibular growth (lingual pads)

Answer 7

Frankle appliance

Question 8

What are two varieties of headgears

Answer 8

cervical pull

high pull

Question 9

This is when the face bow is connected to soldered hooks on the arch wire; other head gears are connected to the molar tubes

Answer 9

Combi pull and J Hook

Question 10

This appliance is used for preadolescent patients exhibiting maxillary deficieny

Answer 10

face mask and reverse pull headgear

Question 11

In some removable appliances, the force for active tooth movement is provided by what

Answer 11

finger springs

Question 12

These three things provide anchor and appliance retention in removable appliances

Answer 12

acrylic
labial bow
molar clasps

Question 13

What is a bite plate on the anterior teeth suppose to do

Answer 13

decrease overbite

Question 14

What is a bite plate on the posterior suppose to do

Answer 14

increase overbite

Question 15

This type of removable retainer has a labial bow, clasps or rests on the posterior teeth, and acrylics

Answer 15

Hawley Retainer

Question 16

These removable retainers are used for both retention and minor tooth movement

Answer 16

spring retainers

Question 17

These removable appliances are used for minor tooth movement and retention, it is fabricated on set-up models to which desired (minor) tooth movement has been included

Answer 17

tooth positioners

Question 18

Contemporary orthodontic fixed appliances are primarily based upon this mans designs from the 1800s

Answer 18

Edward Angle

Question 19

The modern edgewise appliances have what two features

Answer 19

horizontal slots

rectangular arch wires for torque control

Question 20

This is modified based upon Angle’s ribbon arch, added auxiliary springs for root control, not commonly used anymore

Answer 20

the Begg appliance

Question 21

Compared to the edgewise, the Begg appliance has what major distinction

Answer 21

The sire to bracket contact is very small and friction is minimal, the teeth can be moved quickly, but its hard for root control

Question 22

What are the two types of brackets in the modern edgewise appliance

Answer 22

twin brackets

single brackets with wings

Question 23

What are the two size brackets used today

Answer 23

0.018 and 0.022 inch slots

Question 24

In the 1980a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance was developed a refining manufacturing process with “built-in” adjustments specific for each tooth that avoided what

Answer 24

avoided repeating bends to compensate for the difference among teeth, which are required for the standard edgewise appliance

Question 25

Who studied normal occlusion and individual tooth positions, then developed the "ideal" prescriptions (angle and position) for each tooth

Answer 25

Larry Andrews, an OSU grad

Question 26

Elements of the "ideal" tooth prescriptions re fabricated into the appliance, which substantially minimizes what

Answer 26

chair-side active "wire manipulation"

Question 27

What is the pre-adjusted edgewise also known as

Answer 27

"straight wire" technique

Question 28

Wire bending is still necessary, why

Answer 28

especially during the detailing and finishing phase, as the ideal prescriptions may not be exactly ideal for individual patients/teeth

Question 29

By varying these two things, differences of a tooth horizontal position are compensated for

Answer 29

bracket base thickness | molar tube profile

Question 30

In the standard edgewise, these are needed to compensate for horizontal position variations

Answer 30

1st order bends

Question 31

In the pre-adjusted edgewise, what are the steps you would take to add the prescriptions of the horizontal plane

Answer 31

make the backer base of the upper lateral incisors, lower incisors thicker while the molar tube profile shorter then adjust bracket slots

Question 32

This is affected by varying bracket slot tipping, the differences of tooth long axis angulation are compensated for

Answer 32

mesial-distal angulation

Question 33

With the standard edgewise what are needed to change the mesial-distal angulation

Answer 33

2nd order bends

Question 34

In the pre-adjusted edgewise, what are the steps you would take to add the prescriptions of the mesial-distal angulation

Answer 34

align the vertical slot with the root long axis, if the mesial-distal angulation of the tooth needs change, the straight wire will deflected once engaged to that tooth

Question 35

This is affected by varying the slot-bracket angle or differentially changing bracket base thickness, the differences of tooth labial-lingual angulation are compensating for

Answer 35

third order/torque

Question 36

The variation of torque among teeth is compensated for by what

Answer 36

changing the brackets (pre-adjusted) or the arch wire (standard)

Question 37

What are four typical components of modern edgewise appliances

Answer 37

bands with molar tubes brackets archwires auxiliaries; elastomeric chains, coil springs, lingual arches, etc.

Question 38

What are the three purposes of banding

Answer 38

tooth separation band fitting band cememtation

Question 39

Make sure the tubes are sealed with what before curing the adhesive

Answer 39

wax

Question 40

What are the three different bonding techniques of the brackets

Answer 40

direct and indirect bonding rebonding debonding

Question 41

The arch wires are tied to brackets by what

Answer 41

elastic and stainless steel ties

Question 42

This auxiliary is used for space closure

Answer 42

power chains

Question 43

This auxiliary is used for improving occlusion, moving impacted teeth, shift midlines, etc.

Answer 43

elastics (rubber bands)

Question 44

This axillary is used in the open state for opening teeth, retracting teeth, etc. and in the closing state for maintaing spaces

Answer 44

coil springs

Question 45

What are the three fixed appliances for class II correction

Answer 45

Herbst MARA Forsus

Question 46

What are three advantages of fixed appliances for class II correction

Answer 46

patient compliance not required larger dental movement than elastics Herbst and MARA may potentially have skeletal growth modification effects

Question 47

This fixed appliance can be used for a class II correction

Answer 47

Jasper Jumper

Question 48

This fixed appliance can be sued for arch expansion, molar distalization, and incisor proclination

Answer 48

lip bumper

Question 49

This expansion appliance is used for palatal expansion; skeletal and dental

Answer 49

Hyrax

Question 50

This expansion appliance is for dental only

Answer 50

lower arch expander

Question 51

These expansion appliances are preferred for preadolescent and early mixed dentition patients, made of heavy stainless steel, and helices are used for activation and increase the range of tooth movement

Answer 51

quad helix with finger spring | W arch

Question 52

These appliances are used for anchorage and space maintenance purposes; heavier than regular archwires

Answer 52

transpalatal arch and lingual holding arch

Question 53

This appliance is used for molar distaliztion, bonded to the premolars; TMA wires with helices inserted to molar tubes with anchorage from the palate its use is primarily molar movement with some movement of the anterior teeth as well

Answer 53

pendulum appliance

Question 54

This appliance is used for correcting tongue or finger habit, heavy stainless steel wire anchored on the molar

Answer 54

habit appliance

Question 55

What are three recent developments of fixed appliances

Answer 55

lingual braces clear ceramic brackets self-ligating

Question 56

What are four properties of removable appliances

Answer 56

mostly produce tooth tipping no control over root movement patient compliance required more hygienic

Question 57

What are four properties of fixed appliances

Answer 57

can produce bodily tooth movement and tipping better control of root movement less dependent on patient compliance less hygienic