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AU14 Orthodontics > Adolescent Growth and its Relation to Orthodontic Treatment > Flashcards

Adolescent Growth and its Relation to Orthodontic Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What four changes take place in adolescence

A

secondary sex characteristics appear
adolescent growth spurt takes place
fertility is attained
significant physiologic and psychological changes take place (puberty)

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2
Q

What three things do the sex hormones cause

A

genital growth
secondary sex characteristics
accelerated general body growth; facial growth

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3
Q

Growth where is responsible for the increase in body size associated with the pubertal growth spurt stimulated by sex hormones

A

growth at the endochondral growth plates

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4
Q

Which growth patterns does the mandible follow

A

genital and general growth patterns, reflecting levels of growth hormone

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5
Q

What growth patterns does the maxilla follow

A

neural growth pattern

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6
Q

How much earlier than males do females begin their growth spurt

A

1.5-2.0 years earlier

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7
Q

This provides good correlation between an individuals position on the growth curve

A

Secondary sexual characteristics

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8
Q

Growth height correlates with what

A

jaw growth; we can have a good correlation with this facial growth by looking at their general growth status

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9
Q

What do we look for in males during their growth spurt

A

in the beginning, growth in general (its hard to determine)

in the end; pigmented facial hair and a mature voice

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10
Q

What is the duration roughly of the male growth spurt

A

5 years

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11
Q

What do we look for in females during their growth spurt

A

in the beginning; breast development

in the end; menarche

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12
Q

What is the duration of the female growth spurt

A

3+ year duration

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13
Q

This is one way to map the epiphyseal growth plates of the phalanges with the radius and ulna

A

Hand wrist radiographs

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14
Q

This is more recently used to determine the maturation of the cervical vertebrae, can be compared to growth of the facial bones

A

cervical vertebral maturational stage (CVMS)

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15
Q

What is the “gold standard” for determined growth status

A

superimposition of CVMS tracing; Can compare the growth status of a growing or non-growing patient (at least 9 month different between radiographs)

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16
Q

What is the cephalo-caudal growth gradient

A

Structures nearest to the brain grow soonest and then slow down sooner

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17
Q

Facial growth is what kind of growth

A

Differential growth

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18
Q

As someone is growing, how is the jaw exhibiting differential growth

A

mandible grows more and longer
mandible becomes more prominent
profile becomes less convex

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19
Q

What is the first dimension to stop growing

A

width

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20
Q

What is the last dimension to stop growing

A

height

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21
Q

What is the sequence of growth stoppage

A

Width stops before length which stops before height

22
Q

The alveolar arches widen where

A

in the area of molar eruption

23
Q

These two dimensions increase through puberty

A

length and height

24
Q

Why does height of the face grow longer than the length

A

due to vertical growth of the mandible

25
Q

What is “incisor liability”

A

the permanent incisors require about 2-3mm more space per quadrant than the primary incisors. Without this space, there will be incisor crowding

26
Q

What are the developmental spaces

A

spaces between incisors

27
Q

What are the primate spaces on the maxillary

A

mesial to the canine

28
Q

What are the primate spaces on the mandibular

A

distal to the canine

29
Q

If you have incisor spacing of this much, there is almost no danger of incisor crowding

A

6+ mm

need an incisor liability of 3mm/quadrant so 6mm/arch

30
Q

Incisors erupt labially, but how does the canine erupt

A

bucally

31
Q

Why isn’t there as large an increase in the mandible as the incisors erupt

A

there is no mandibular mid-line suture after the first year of life

32
Q

Why is there a growth in width in the maxillae as the incisors erupt

A

probably due to the growth at the mid-palatal suture

33
Q

When is there significant width growth in both the maxilla and mandible (max > mand; boys > girls)

A

when the canines erupt

34
Q

Eruption of the lateral incisors forces the mandibular canines to do what

A

reposition distally into the primate space

35
Q

What is the “ugly duckling” stage

A

When there is a large central diastma, it should close with the eruption of the laterals/canines

36
Q

This is the difference mesially-distally between the primary canine/molars and the permanent canine/molars

A

leeway space

37
Q

How much leeway space is there on the mandible/maxilla

A 
maxilla = 2.6mm
mandible = 6.2mm
38
Q

What can moves into the leeway space, but shouldn’t

A

the permanent molars, may force anterior crowding

39
Q

This is the difference in M-D width between primary 2nd molars and permanent 2nd premolars

A

E-space

40
Q

In regards to the leeway and E space, if there is anterior crowding, when should you send the kid to the orthodontist

A

before the primary 2nd molars exfoliate

41
Q

What is a mesial step (n primary dentition)

A

when the mandibular molar is “stepped” forward in relation to the maxillary molar

42
Q

What is the flush terminal plane in primary dentition

A

when the cusps align of the maxillary and mandibular molar

43
Q

What is a distal step in primary dentition

A

When the mandibular molar is aligned distally in relation to the maxillary molar

44
Q

What class is a mesial step most like to result in of the permanent dentition

A

class I

45
Q

What class is the flush terminal plane most like to result in of the permanent dentition

A

class II

46
Q

What class is a distal step most like to result in of the permanent dentition

A

class II

47
Q

Females achieve permanent dentition how much more before males

A

6-9 months

10 yrs vs 12 yrs

48
Q

When the mandible grows (swings) forward, what happens to the lips, nose and chin

A

the lips become more retrusive and the nose/chin grow more than the mandible

49
Q

If a child fall into what percentiles then its alarming

A

lower than 3rd and higher than 97th

if they deviate from their original grown pattern a lot

50
Q

What are the three planes of malocclusion

A

A-P
transverse
vertical
(plus inter-arch)

51
Q

In which plane are Angle’s Classifications

A

A-P

52
Q

When should you take a radiograph on a patient with mixed dentition

A

when eruption sequence/timing looks more delayed than normal (+9 months)

AU14 Orthodontics (11 decks)

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