Ortho Tx Of Cleft Lip/Palate Flashcards
T/F: clefts of the lip and the palate are the most common of facial/oral congenital anomalies
True
Cleft lip and/or palate occurs in
1 in 700 births
~4300 newborns per year
Overall ratio male:female cleft lip/palate
3:2
Clefts of the palate ONLY female: male ratio
2:1
Incidence of CL/CP
Cleft lip and palate =40%
Cleft palate= 32%
Cleft lip = 28%
Whites of European decent incidence of CL/CP
1 in 700 live births
T/F: older woman have a lower incidence of giving birth to a CL/CP child
False- higher
Over the age 35 doubles risk
Over age 39 triples risk
Group 1
Clefts of lip only
Group 2
Clefts of the secondary palate only
Group 3
Clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate
Complete cleft lip and palate
Group 4
Clefts of the lip and alveolus
Primary cleft palate and lip
Group 5
Miscellaneous group
Includes cleft which do not fit into the above categories
Classification of CL/CP
Unilateral incomplete
Unilateral complete
Bilateral complete
Cleft lip embryology
Failure of max process and medial nasal process to fuse
Fusion generally happens at week 6
May affect both lip and primary palate
What does MNP give rise to
4 permanent incisors
Cleft palate embryology
Failure of the palate shelves to meet and fuse
Fusion begins at week 7-8 and completed by week 10
Etiology of CL/CP
Syndromic
Familial
Isolated or non familial
Syndromic
Chromosomal, single gene, mitochondrial disorders
Environmental etiologies
~1% cases
Familial
2 or more affected individuals in first, second and third degree relatives
~25 % of cases
Isolated or non-familial
First person pedigree to have defect
~75% cases
Complicates associated with CL/CP
Bonding issues
Feeding difficulties
Ear infections and hearing loss
Speech and language delays
Dental problems
Psychosocial problems
Tx of CL/CP
Surgical/non surgical stages - birth to young adulthood
Craniofacial team
Surgical tx staging
Social worker
Nurse team coordinator
Genetic counselor
Audiologist
Otolaryngologist
Speech and language specialist
Pediatric dentist
Ortho
Pediatrician
Plastic/craniofacial surgeon
First surgical intervention - primary lip closure
May need orthopedic force to proximate the primary palate prior to initial surgery
Expansion may be necessary
Rule of 10 applied