ORTHO AMC Flashcards
flattening of the round shoulder contour
Dislocated glenohumeral joint
lateral step deformity of the shoulder tip
Dislocated acromioclavicular joint
Dislocated sternoclavicular joint
most common form of shoulder joint disloaction
Dislocated glenohumeral joint; anteroinferior dislocation
Prolapse of a lumbosacral L5-S1 intervertebral disc
- acute low back pain following a lifting strain
- pain radiate to the buttock and down to the back of the leg to the foot with pins and needles
- unable to walk on toes
- diminished ankle jerk
- dminished sensation to the outer 2 toes extending to the sole
Positive straight leg raise
irritation to the L5-S1
trauma to the knee with transmitted violence to the hip
posterior dislocation of the hip
posterior dislocation of the hip appearance
leg is painful, shortened at the hip and flexed and internally rotated at the hip
acute rupture of the rotator cuff mechanism in the supraspinatus / torn rotator cuff
inability to abduct the arm more than 40 deg in a presence of an actively contacting deltoid muscles
Achilles tendon rupture manifestation (2)
- weakness on plantar flexion of the ankle with inability to stand on toes
increase range of passive dorsiflexion and extesnion of the ankle
Recurrent anterior glenohumeral shoulder dislocation is caused by
traumatic Hill Sachs deformity
Which muscle is supplied by the axillary nerve
Deltoid
Spondylolysis
slippage of a vertebra, causing more pronounced symptoms, especially if nerves are compressed.
Spondylolisthesis
degenerative changes, which are typically age-related and cause chronic pain.
Supportive stick for walking assistance should be held on the
unaffected side.
Most common cause of joint infection
Staphylococcus aureus
Treatment of choice for S. aureus joint infection
Flucloxacillin
Displaced subcapital fracture of the femur compication
Non union
Microscopic findings of gout
negatively birefringent crystals with needle like morphology
Microscopic findings of pseudogout/chondrocalcinosis
rhomboid and positively birefringent crystals
cause of chondrocalcinosis
deposition of calcium pyrophosphate
Long term treatment for gout
Allopurinol introduced 4 weeksa fter attack
Medication for symptomatic relief during an acute flare of gout
Indomethacin
Progressive muscle weakness and skin rashes (erythematous scaly eruptions over the knuckles of the IP and MCP joints) + CK elevation
Dermatomyositis
Multiple joint pains + fever + elevated blood pressure + digital infarcts + foot drop
Polyarteritis nodosa
Findings of PAN on biopsy shows
histological evidence of nectroizing vasculitis affecting the small arteries
Ulnar nerve injury hand deformity
Claw hand deformity
Radial nerve
Wrist drop
Median nerve
Ape hand or Hand of Benediction
Pinch sign (or O sign)
Anterior interosseous nerve palsy (branch of the median nerve)
Klumpke’s palsy or Total claw hand
Lower brachial plexus injury (C8-T1)
Polymyalgia rheumatica
fever + weight loss + symmetrical proximal muscle pain and stiffness (shoulder, neck, hips) + worse in the morning + normal muscle strength + associated with GCA/temporal arteritis + elevated ESR CRP + normal CK
Features of flexor tenosynovitis
- pain on passive extension
- finger locking
fall on outstretched arm + severe shoulder pain + cant elevate arm
dislocated glenohumeral joint
Contraindications to starting indomethacin (relative contraindications)
peptic ulcer
gastritis and gerd
significant renal failure (sc >200 mmol/L)
congestive heart failure
history of headache + sudden persisting visual loss
temporal arteritis
Pain aggravated by walking and requiring recumbency for relief
Spinal canal stenosis
Shooting pain then resulting from the low back down the back of the leg and extending to the inner toes
Numbness or paresthesia
‘pins and needles’ ‘electric shocks’ ‘loss of feeling
Focal L4 to L5 prolapse
Foot drop
L5
Saturday night palsy or wrist drop
Radial nerve
