Breast/ Endo

Question 1

Intraductal pailloma managment

Answer 1

Ductectomg

Question 2

SAAG <1.1 in a patient who previously underwent mastectomy

Answer 2

Supraclavicular lymph nodes

Question 3

routine surveillance after breast cancer surgery

Answer 3

physical examinations every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 to 12 months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. For women who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, a post-treatment mammogram should be obtained 1 year after the initial mammogram and at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. Thereafter, unless otherwise indicated, a yearly mammographic evaluation should be performed

Question 4

Addisons disease (3)

Answer 4

Bronze or darkened skin + postural or orthostatic hypotension + hyponatremia and hyperkalemia

Question 5

most common type of lung cancer, especially in non-smokers and women.

Answer 5

Adenocarcinoma

Question 6

Location of lesion of Adenocarcinoma of the lung

Answer 6

peripheral

Question 7

2nd most common type of NSCLC

Answer 7

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 8

Location of lesion of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the lung

Answer 8

Arises in the central part of the lung, often near the bronchi

Question 9

Location of lesion of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC)

Answer 9

central part of the lung, near the bronchi.

Question 10

Frequently associated with paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g., SIADH, Cushing’s syndrome).

Answer 10

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC)

Question 11

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) stages

Answer 11

Staging: Often classified into two stages: limited-stage (confined to one hemithorax) and extensive-stage (spread beyond one lung).

Question 12

Pancoast tumor association

Answer 12

Most commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma

Question 13

Pancoast tumor clinical features (4)

Answer 13

Horner’s syndrome (due to compression of the sympathetic chain):

• Ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid).
• Miosis (constricted pupil).
• Anhidrosis (loss of sweating on one side of the face).

Shoulder and arm pain: Due to involvement of the brachial plexus (referred to as Pancoast syndrome). The pain typically radiates down the inner arm and can cause weakness or atrophy of hand muscles.

Weakness of the hand: Due to brachial plexus involvement, leading to muscle atrophy in severe cases.

Superior vena cava syndrome: In cases where the tumor compresses the superior vena cava, causing swelling of the face, neck, and upper extremities, along with distended veins.

Question 14

management for recurrent thyrotoxicosis s/p subtotal thyroidectomy

Answer 14

control hyperthyroidism with carbimazole + ablation of thyroid tissue with radioactive iodine

Question 15

Addisonian crisis

Answer 15

hypotension + hyponatremia + hypochloremia + hyperpigmentation

Question 16

Salt losing CAH enzyme defect

Answer 16

21 hydroxylase
presents immediately in the neonatal preiod