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Finals > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Closed fracture

A

Overlying skin laceration has been sutured

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2
Q

Simple fracture

A

Single fracture line

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3
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Associated damage to adjacent nerves or vessels

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4
Q

Fatigue fracture

A

Occurs through diseased bone

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5
Q

Pathological fracture

A

If occurs through a bony metastasis

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6
Q

What fractures commonly results in non-union?

A 
Fractures of fourth metatarsal
Fractures of neck of femur
Fractures of condyle of mandible
Colles' fracture
Scaphoid fracture
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7
Q

Newborn baby has bilateral clubfoot - treatment?

A

Manipulation and progressive casting starting soon after birth

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8
Q

Extracapsular hip frature - management?

A

Dynamic hip screw

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9
Q

Subtrochanteric hip fracture - management?

A

Intramedullary device

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10
Q

What fractures would require an intramedullary device?

A

Reverse oblique
Transverse
Subtrochanteric

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11
Q

Displaced intracapsular fracture > 70 - management?

A

Hemiarthroplasty non cemented prosthesis

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12
Q

Displaced intracapsular fracture < 70 - management?

A

Internal fixation > hip arthroplasty

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13
Q

Undisplaced intracapsular fracture - management?

A

Internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty (if sick)

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14
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation results in _ of the upper limb

A

External rotation + abduction

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15
Q

What can be caused by anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve palsy –> weak deltoid + sensory loss over badge patch

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16
Q

Impacted fractures of surgical neck of humerus - management?

A

Collar + cuff for 3 weeks –> PT

Severe –> open reduction + fixation or intramedullary advice

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17
Q

Difference in leg in hip fracture vs hip dislocation?

A

Fracture –> leg shortened + EXTERNALLY rotated

Dislocation –> leg shortened + INTERNALLY rotated

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18
Q

6 P’s of compartment syndrome

A 
Pain (especially on movement)
Parasthesiae
Pallor
Arterial Pulsation
Paralysis
Pressures > 40 = diagnostic
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19
Q

Considerations in post-operative patient - compartment syndrome

A

Fasciotomy can cause myoglobinuria –> renal failure –> aggressive IV fluids

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20
Q

What are the Ottawa ankle rules?

A

X-ray only necessary if there is pain in the malleolar zone and:

  1. inability to weight bear for 4 steps
  2. Tenderness over distal tibia
  3. Bone tenderness over distal fibula
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21
Q

Weber classification of fibular fracture

A

Type A –> below syndesmosis
Type B –> starts at level of tibial plafond and may extend proximally to syndesmosis
Type C - above syndesmosis

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22
Q

Ankle fracture in young - management?

A

Surgical –> compression plate

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23
Q

Ankle fracture in elderly - management?

A

Conservative as thin bone

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24
Q

Ankle fracture distal to syndesmosis - management?

A

below knee plaster cast to include midfoot

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25
Q

Features of supraspinatus tendonitis

A

Rotator cuff injury

Painful arc of abduction at 60-120 degrees

Tenderness over anterior acromion

26
Q

Salter-Harris type I

A

Fracture through physis only

27
Q

Salter-Harris type II

A

Fracture through physis and metaphysis

28
Q

Salter-Harris type III

A

Fracture through physis and epiphysis to include joint

29
Q

Salter-Harris type IV

A

Fracture through physis, epiphysis, and metaphysis

30
Q

Salter-Harris type V

A

Crush injury involving physis

31
Q

Scaphoid fracture - what neurovascular structure is compromised?

A

Dorsal carpal arch of the radial artery

32
Q

When would you refer pt with Dupuytren’s contracture to ortho?

A

When MCP joints cannot be straightened, thus hand cannot be placed flat on table

33
Q

Features of fracture of radial head

A

Fall on outstretched hand

Marked tenderness over head of radius

Sharp pain at extremes of rotation

34
Q

Management of open fractures

A

1) IV antibiotics
2) Neurovascular status
3) immediate surgery - if vascular impaired
4) urgent surgery - if wound heavily contaminated
5) plastic + ortho team involved
6) debridement
7) cover wound
8) splint leg
9) vacuum foam dressing or antibiotic bead pouch
10) definite skeletal stabilisation

35
Q

Classical features of menisceal tear?

A

Rotational sporting injuries

Delayed knee swelling

Joint locking

36
Q

What drug can cause new-onset Achilles tendon disorders?

A

Ciprofloxacin

37
Q

Most appropriate initial management for low back pain?

A

Oral naproxen

38
Q

Which fractures are most commonly associated with compartment syndrome?

A

Supracondylar fractures in the arm

Tibial shaft fractures in lower leg

39
Q

Which nerve roots can be compressed by a prolapsed lumbar disc?

A

L3, L4, L5, S1

40
Q

L3 nerve root compression

A

Sensory loss over anterior thigh
Weak quadriceps
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test

41
Q

L4 nerve root compression

A

Sensory loss anterior aspect of knee
Weak quadriceps
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test

42
Q

L5 nerve root compression

A

Sensory loss dorsum of foot
Weakness in foot and big toe dorsiflexion
Reflexes intact
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test

43
Q

S1 nerve root compression

A

Sensory loss posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot
Weakness in plantar flexion of foot
Reduced ankle reflex
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test

44
Q

Swelling over posterior aspect of elbow + middle aged man

A

Olecranon bursitis

45
Q

What structure is divided in surgery for carpal tunnel

A

Flexor retinaculum

46
Q

Red flags for lower back pain

A 
age < 20 years or > 50 years
history of previous malignancy
night pain
history of trauma
systemically unwell e.g. weight loss, fever
47
Q

Tapes equinovarus - describe foot

A

Inverted and plantar flexed foot

48
Q

Tapes equinovarus - Rx

A

Ponseti method

49
Q

Gartland classification

A

Supracondylar fractures in children

50
Q

Weber classification

A

Fractures about syndesmosis

51
Q

Garden classification

A

Neck of femur fractures

52
Q

Meralgia paraesthetica

A

Burning thigh pain

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

53
Q

Subluxation of the radial head - management

A

Passive supination of elbow joint whilst flexed to 90 degrees

54
Q

Osteochondritis dissecans - presentation

A

Locking and swelling of joint + tenderness

55
Q

Smith’s fracture - what is it?

A

distal radius fracture with volar displacement

56
Q

Osteomyelitis + SCA - organism

A

Salmonella

57
Q

If sound like shin splints

A

Xray

58
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis - relieved by?

A

Bending forward

59
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis - investigation

A

MRI

60
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis - Rx

A

laminectomy

61
Q

NOF - which artery?

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

Finals (19 decks)

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