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Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Closed fracture

A

Overlying skin laceration has been sutured

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2
Q

Simple fracture

A

Single fracture line

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3
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Associated damage to adjacent nerves or vessels

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4
Q

Fatigue fracture

A

Occurs through diseased bone

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5
Q

Pathological fracture

A

If occurs through a bony metastasis

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6
Q

What fractures commonly results in non-union?

A 
Fractures of fourth metatarsal
Fractures of neck of femur
Fractures of condyle of mandible
Colles' fracture
Scaphoid fracture
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7
Q

Newborn baby has bilateral clubfoot - treatment?

A

Manipulation and progressive casting starting soon after birth

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8
Q

Extracapsular hip frature - management?

A

Dynamic hip screw

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9
Q

Subtrochanteric hip fracture - management?

A

Intramedullary device

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10
Q

What fractures would require an intramedullary device?

A

Reverse oblique
Transverse
Subtrochanteric

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11
Q

Displaced intracapsular fracture > 70 - management?

A

Hemiarthroplasty non cemented prosthesis

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12
Q

Displaced intracapsular fracture < 70 - management?

A

Internal fixation > hip arthroplasty

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13
Q

Undisplaced intracapsular fracture - management?

A

Internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty (if sick)

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14
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation results in _ of the upper limb

A

External rotation + abduction

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15
Q

What can be caused by anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve palsy –> weak deltoid + sensory loss over badge patch

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16
Q

Impacted fractures of surgical neck of humerus - management?

A

Collar + cuff for 3 weeks –> PT

Severe –> open reduction + fixation or intramedullary advice

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17
Q

Difference in leg in hip fracture vs hip dislocation?

A

Fracture –> leg shortened + EXTERNALLY rotated

Dislocation –> leg shortened + INTERNALLY rotated

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18
Q

6 P’s of compartment syndrome

A 
Pain (especially on movement)
Parasthesiae
Pallor
Arterial Pulsation
Paralysis
Pressures > 40 = diagnostic
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19
Q

Considerations in post-operative patient - compartment syndrome

A

Fasciotomy can cause myoglobinuria –> renal failure –> aggressive IV fluids

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20
Q

What are the Ottawa ankle rules?

A

X-ray only necessary if there is pain in the malleolar zone and:

  1. inability to weight bear for 4 steps
  2. Tenderness over distal tibia
  3. Bone tenderness over distal fibula
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21
Q

Weber classification of fibular fracture

A

Type A –> below syndesmosis
Type B –> starts at level of tibial plafond and may extend proximally to syndesmosis
Type C - above syndesmosis

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22
Q

Ankle fracture in young - management?

A

Surgical –> compression plate

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23
Q

Ankle fracture in elderly - management?

A

Conservative as thin bone

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24
Q

Ankle fracture distal to syndesmosis - management?

A

below knee plaster cast to include midfoot

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25
Features of supraspinatus tendonitis
Rotator cuff injury Painful arc of abduction at 60-120 degrees Tenderness over anterior acromion
26
Salter-Harris type I
Fracture through physis only
27
Salter-Harris type II
Fracture through physis and metaphysis
28
Salter-Harris type III
Fracture through physis and epiphysis to include joint
29
Salter-Harris type IV
Fracture through physis, epiphysis, and metaphysis
30
Salter-Harris type V
Crush injury involving physis
31
Scaphoid fracture - what neurovascular structure is compromised?
Dorsal carpal arch of the radial artery
32
When would you refer pt with Dupuytren's contracture to ortho?
When MCP joints cannot be straightened, thus hand cannot be placed flat on table
33
Features of fracture of radial head
Fall on outstretched hand Marked tenderness over head of radius Sharp pain at extremes of rotation
34
Management of open fractures
1) IV antibiotics 2) Neurovascular status 3) immediate surgery - if vascular impaired 4) urgent surgery - if wound heavily contaminated 5) plastic + ortho team involved 6) debridement 7) cover wound 8) splint leg 9) vacuum foam dressing or antibiotic bead pouch 10) definite skeletal stabilisation
35
Classical features of menisceal tear?
Rotational sporting injuries Delayed knee swelling Joint locking
36
What drug can cause new-onset Achilles tendon disorders?
Ciprofloxacin
37
Most appropriate initial management for low back pain?
Oral naproxen
38
Which fractures are most commonly associated with compartment syndrome?
Supracondylar fractures in the arm Tibial shaft fractures in lower leg
39
Which nerve roots can be compressed by a prolapsed lumbar disc?
L3, L4, L5, S1
40
L3 nerve root compression
Sensory loss over anterior thigh Weak quadriceps Reduced knee reflex Positive femoral stretch test
41
L4 nerve root compression
Sensory loss anterior aspect of knee Weak quadriceps Reduced knee reflex Positive femoral stretch test
42
L5 nerve root compression
Sensory loss dorsum of foot Weakness in foot and big toe dorsiflexion Reflexes intact Positive sciatic nerve stretch test
43
S1 nerve root compression
Sensory loss posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot Weakness in plantar flexion of foot Reduced ankle reflex Positive sciatic nerve stretch test
44
Swelling over posterior aspect of elbow + middle aged man
Olecranon bursitis
45
What structure is divided in surgery for carpal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum
46
Red flags for lower back pain
``` age < 20 years or > 50 years history of previous malignancy night pain history of trauma systemically unwell e.g. weight loss, fever ```
47
Tapes equinovarus - describe foot
Inverted and plantar flexed foot
48
Tapes equinovarus - Rx
Ponseti method
49
Gartland classification
Supracondylar fractures in children
50
Weber classification
Fractures about syndesmosis
51
Garden classification
Neck of femur fractures
52
Meralgia paraesthetica
Burning thigh pain Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
53
Subluxation of the radial head - management
Passive supination of elbow joint whilst flexed to 90 degrees
54
Osteochondritis dissecans - presentation
Locking and swelling of joint + tenderness
55
Smith's fracture - what is it?
distal radius fracture with volar displacement
56
Osteomyelitis + SCA - organism
Salmonella
57
If sound like shin splints
Xray
58
Lumbar spinal stenosis - relieved by?
Bending forward
59
Lumbar spinal stenosis - investigation
MRI
60
Lumbar spinal stenosis - Rx
laminectomy
61
#NOF - which artery?
medial circumflex femoral artery

Finals (19 decks)

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