ortho Flashcards
- Distance curve
- Velocity curve
- Distance curve= tracks actual height each year
- Velocity curve= tracks change in height
- Average peak growth for girls
- Average peak growth for boys
- Average peak growth for girls= age 12
- Average peak growth for boys= age 14
Intramembranous
* Growth from the outside/inside?
increase in length/diameter?
Intramembranous
* Growth from the outside
increase in diameter
Endochondral Influenced more by environmental forces/ genetic factors
Influenced more by genetic factors
- Endochondral ossification occurs at
- Endochondral ossification at synchondroses
- Intersphenoid inactive by age
- Spheno-ethmoid inactive by age
- Spheno-occipital inactive
- Intersphenoid inactive by age 3
- Spheno-ethmoid inactive by age 7
- Spheno-occipital inactive later
Maxilla ossification intramembranous/ endochondrol
* Resorption occurs at
* Apposition
Maxilla
* Intramembranous ossification occurs at sutures posterior and superior to maxilla and also to remodel surfaces
* Resorption anterior maxilla
* Apposition palate, alveolar ridges, tuberosity
Mandible (Embryonic)
* Intramembranous ossification to create
* Endochondral ossification to create
* Fuse together at _________months in utero
Mandible (Embryonic)
* Intramembranous ossification to create embryonic corpus/ramus
* Endochondral ossification to create condylar cartilage
* Fuse together at 4 months in utero
Mandible (Adult)
* Endochondral ossification as condylar cartilage proliferates and produces
* Intramembranous ossification to remodel surfaces
-Resorption
-Apposition
Mandible (Adult)
* Endochondral ossification as condylar cartilage proliferates and produces bone
* Intramembranous ossification to remodel surfaces
-Resorption anterior ramus
-Apposition posterior ramus, chin, coronoid, alveolar ridges
Planes of Growth
* Width (transverse)= age
* Length (anteroposterior, sagittal)= age
* Height (vertical)= age
Planes of Growth
* Width (transverse)= age 10-12
* Length (anteroposterior, sagittal)= age 14-16
* Height (vertical)= age 18-20+
Underdeveloped mandible seen in which syndrome
Treacher Collins Syndrome “Aka mandibulofacial dysostosis”
Upslanted palpebral fissures seen in
Downslanted palpebral fissures seen in
Trisomy 21/Down Syndrome
Treacher Collins Syndrome
– Hypertelorism and Proptosis seen in
Crouzon Syndrome
– Acrocephalic seen in
Apert Syndrome: “Aka acrocephalosyndactyly”
– Byzantine arch
* Syndactyly seen in
Apert Syndrome: “Aka acrocephalosyndactyly”
Brachycephalic seen in
Crouzon Syndrome
Ideal overbite is _____%, ___mm.
Ideal overjet is ____ mm.
Ideal overbite is 10-20%, 1-2 mm
* Ideal overjet is 1-3mm
Anterior crowding often gets worse in ________ years
Anterior crowding often gets worse in 20s-40s
Early mesial shift of first molars to close primate space at around age _______
Late mesial shift of second molars to close leeway space at around age
6
12
Ugly Duckling Stage _____ yrs
11-12
Gum Pad Stage
Primary Dentition Stage
Mixed Dentition Stage
Permanent Dentition Stage
birth to 6 months
6 months to 6 years
6 years to 12 years
12 years to death or edentulism
Curve of Spee __________ plane
Curve of Wilson _________ plane
sagittal plane (Curve of Spee) and frontal plane (Curve of Wilson)
Bolton Analysis measures
tooth size discrepancy by comparing upper and lower teeth
- Anterior divergent= usually Class II/Class III?
Class III
Profile Angles
* Nasolabial angle
– Between
– Should be _____˚
* Mentolabial angle
– Between lower lip and chin
– Should be _____˚
* Cervicomental angle
– Between chin and neck
– Should be ______˚
Profile Angles
* Nasolabial angle
– Between nose and upper lip
– Should be 90˚
* Mentolabial angle
– Between lower lip and chin
– Should be 120˚
* Cervicomental angle
– Between chin and neck
– Should be 90-120˚
Lips
incompetent _________mm separation
3-4mm
______mm incisor show is ideal
2-4mm incisor show is ideal
Cephalometric Reference Planes
* S-N
* Po-Or
* ANS-PNS
* L6-L1
* Go-Gn
Cephalometric Reference Planes
* S-N cranial base
* Po-Or Frankfort horizontal
* ANS-PNS palatal plane
* L6-L1 occlusal plane
* Go-Gn mandibular plane
Cephalometric Analysis
* To evaluate the relationship of the ____ and ________ to each other
Cephalometric Analysis
* To evaluate the relationship of the jaws and dental units to each other
Cephalometric Superimposition
* To evaluate the skeletal and dental changes that occur over time due to
Cephalometric Superimposition
* To evaluate the skeletal and dental changes that occur over time due to growth or treatment
ANB= maxilla to mandible
– __˚ or below is Class III
– ___˚ is normal
– ___˚ or above is Class II
ANB= maxilla to mandible
– 0˚ or below is Class III
– 2˚ is normal
– 4˚ or above is Class II
Ackerman-Proffit
1. Facial Proportions and Esthetics
2. Alignment and Symmetry
3. Transverse
4. Anteroposterior
5. Vertical
Ackerman-Proffit
1. Facial Proportions and Esthetics (lip posture, smile arc)
2. Alignment and Symmetry (crowding, spacing, rotations)
3. Transverse (posterior crossbite, midline)
4. Anteroposterior (overjet, Angle Class)
5. Vertical (overbite, Curve of Spee)
Molar Classification
1. Class I Normal Occlusion ____________%
2. Class I Malocclusion _________%
3. Class II Malocclusion ____%
a. Subdivision 1= ____________upper incisors
b. Subdivision 2= _________ upper incisors
4. Class III Malocclusion _____%
Molar Classification
1. Class I Normal Occlusion (30-35%)
2. Class I Malocclusion (50-55%)
3. Class II Malocclusion (15%)
a. Subdivision 1= proclined upper incisors
b. Subdivision 2= retroclined upper incisors
4. Class III Malocclusion (1-5%)
Force / Area =
Force / Area = Pressure
- Light force causes __________ resorption
- Heavy force causes _________ resorption
- Light force causes frontal or direct resorption
- Heavy force causes undermining or indirect resorption
Uncontrolled Tipping
* _______ goes in direction of force and _____ goes opposite direction
Uncontrolled Tipping
* Crown goes in direction of force and root goes opposite direction
Entire PDL area is loaded so there is equal compression all along one side of the root
Bodily Movement
Crown barely moves and the root moves in the direction of force is called
Root torque
Threshold for tooth movement is around ________ hours
Threshold for tooth movement is around 4 to 8 hours
- Interrupted= force slowly/abruptly declines to zero, eg:
- Intermittent= force slowly/abruptly declines to zero, eg:
- Interrupted= force slowly declines to zero, elastic chain
- Intermittent= force abruptly declines to zero, clear aligners
Root resorption= cementum adjacent to _____ PDL can undergo resorption
Root resorption= cementum adjacent to hyalinized PDL can undergo resorption
Center of Resistance
* For tooth, point of greatest resistance to movement typically at the ________
– Periodontal compromise moves it ___________
– Root resorption moves it _________
Center of Resistance
* For tooth, point of greatest resistance to movement typically at the center of its root
– Periodontal compromise moves it apically
– Root resorption moves it occlusally
Center of Rotation
* Fixed point/ unfixed point
Center of Resistance
* Fixed point/ unfixed point
unfixed point
Fixed point