Endo Flashcards
1
Q
undifferentiated
mesenchymal cells
A
Tertiary dentin
2
Q
Large myelinated and small unmyelinated afferent nerves
A
A delta and C fibers
3
Q
Course centrally in the pulp
A
C fibers
4
Q
Dull throbbing is a ________ pain
A
second pain
5
Q
First pain is
A
sharp and transient
6
Q
Heat and cold stimuli ____ and ____ fibers
A
C and A delta
7
Q
Allodynia
A
reduced pain threshold
8
Q
Least realible pulp vitality testing
A
EPT
9
Q
EPT contraindicated in ____ patients
A
cardiac pacemakers
10
Q
Pulpal diagnosis ________ test
A
Cold test ( endo ice) , -30˚C
11
Q
lingering pain
A
Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
12
Q
quick,
sharp, transient response
A
Reversible Pulpitis
13
Q
Mild to moderate transient response to
thermal and electrical stimuli
A
Normal pulp
14
Q
spontaneous intermittent or
continuous pain
A
Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
15
Q
No complaints of spontaneous pain
A
Reversible Pulpitis
16
Q
Symptom, not a disease
A
Reversible Pulpitis
17
Q
Draining sinus track
A
Chornic apical abscess
18
Q
Apical radiolucency
A
Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis
19
Q
liquefaction necrosis, rapid swelling
A
Acute apical abscess
20
Q
Painful inflammation around the apex
A
Symptomatic apical periodontitis
21
Q
Localized inflammatory infiltrate within the
PDL
A
Symptomatic apical periodontitis
22
Q
Acess preparation is the Straight-line access to
A
Orifice and apex
23
Q
SS hand files types
A
K-file (Kerr), H-file (Hedstrom)
24
Q
NiTi rotary instruments __________ taper
A
0 .04 or .06 taper
25
twisted square, watch winding
method
K-file (Kerr)
26
SS hand files____taper
0.02 taper
27
twisted triangle
Reamer
28
to open the orifice for
straight-line access
Gates-Glidden drills
29
Barbed broaches
entangle and remove
30
Step-back
small to big
31
dissolves GP in retreatment
Chloroform
32
lubricant, dissolves inorganic material
EDTA
l
33
* Primary endodontic infection
* Failed endodontic treatment
* Bacteroides
* Enterococcus
faecalis
34
irrigant, dissolves organic material
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
35
* Surgical opening in hard tissue
Trephination
36
* Flexible NiTi files are __________ likely to ledge
less
37
* Flexible NiTi files are ________ likely to
fracture
more
38
* Furcal perforation
* Strip perforation
* Coronal perforation
* through pulpal floor
* due to excessive coronal
flaring
* through the crown
39
Root perforation more/ less apical has better
prognosis?
More
40
signs of a perforation
Immediate hemorrhage or sudden pain
41
Perforation Internal repair with
MTA
42
Trauma Protocol
* Tetanus booster (avulsions only)
* Radiographs
* Antibiotics (avulsions only)
* Vitality testing
* More
* Appointments
43
* Class IV
* Class V
* Class VI
* class 7
* Traumatized tooth that has become non-vital
* Avulsion
* Root fracture with/without crown fracture
* Displacement without crown fracture
44
Complicated Fracture- With pulp involvement
* Less than 24 hours
* More than or equal to 24 hours
* More than or equal to 72 hours
*DPC
*Cvek
*PPTY
45
Horizontal Root Fracture
Vital-
non-vital
*Splint
*RCT
46
Horizontal Root Fracture
– Coronal fracture
– Midroot fracture
– Apical fracture
– rigid splint for 6-12 weeks
- flexible splint for 3 weeks
– flexible splint for 2 weeks maximum to
avoid ankylosis
47
Horizontal Root Fracture
radiographs
healing is by
3 PAs and 1 occlusal
calcific
metamorphosis
48
_____% chance of necrosis of coronal segment, necrosis of
apical segment is ____
25%
rare
49
No displacement, no mobility, PDL
sore
Concussion
50
Concussion
let the tooth rest
51
subluxation symptoms and rx
* No displacement, increased mobility
* PDL rips and bleeds
* flexible splint for 1-2
weeks
52
Extrusion open and closed apex rx:
*reposition, flexible splint, monitor
* reposition, flexible splint, RCT if needed
53
* Displacement of tooth in any direction
except axially
Lateral luxation
54
Intrusion Rx:
Open apex
* Closed apex
Open apex - allow to reerupt
* Closed apex -reposition, flexible
splint, RCT
55
* Avulsion Rx
* reimplant ASAP, flexible
splint for 1-2 weeks
56
Avulsion
* Open apex, EADT > 60 minutes
* Open apex, EADT < 60 minutes
* Open apex, EADT > 60 minutes - may or may
not reimplant, splint, RCT, plan for implant.
* Open apex, EADT < 60 minutes à-reimplant,
splint, no RCT but apexification at first sign of
infected pulp
57
Avulsion
Closed apex, EADT < 60 minutes
* Closed apex, EADT > 60 minutes
Closed apex, EADT < 60 minutes - reimplant,
splint
* Closed apex, EADT > 60 minutes -reimplant,
splint, RCT
58
____________ resorption moves with angled radiograph
External resorption
59
External/ internal which resorption has better prognosis/easier to treat
Internal resorption
60
Poor and ragged margins
sharp and well defined margins
External resorption
Internal resorption
61
External resorption initiates in ____ due to damage to_________layer
Internal resorption initiates in __________due to damage to ____layer
Periodontium, Cementoblastic layer
Root canal system, odontoblastic layer
62
Cervical resorption (CR)
subepithelial sulcular infection from trauma or nonvital bleaching
63
Internal resorption Rx
RCT
64
extensive amounts of
reparative dentin within the pulp
space due to trauma
Calcific Metamorphosis
65
Calcific Metamorphosis more likely with and color?
* Open apices, intrusions, and severe crown fractures,
yellow orange with canal obliteration
66
Dentinal bridge formation
(CaOH2)
67
Calcium hydroxide stimulates ___________
Secondary odontoblasts
68
(CaOH2) PH and uses
high PH 12.5, cauterizes tissue and kills bacteria
69
MTA Stimulates _________ to produce hard tissue
Cementoblasts
70
MTA three minerals
Three minerals= calcium, silicon, aluminum
71
MTA setting time
3 hours
72
MTA resorbable/non resorbable
non resorbable
73
Indirect pulp capping materials
CaOH or RMGI
74
Direct pulp capping material
* Traumatic exposure _____hours
* Carious or mechanical exposure _____mm
* Hard tissue barrier will hopefully form within _____- weeks
CaOH
* Traumatic exposure
<24 hours
* Carious or mechanical
exposure <2mm
* Hard tissue barrier will
hopefully form within
6 weeks
75
Removal of small portion of coronal diseased pulp
Cvek Pulpotomy
76
Cvek Pulpotomy
* Traumatic exposure _____hours
* Carious or mechanical exposure ___________mm
* Traumatic exposure
≥24 hours
* Carious or mechanical
exposure >2mm
77
Pulpotomy
Traumatic exposure _________hours
Traumatic exposure
≥72 hours
78
Buckley’s Formocresol
* 19% formaldehyde
* 35% cresol
* 15% glycerine
* 31% water
* Bactericidal + “fixative”
79
For primary—vital and restorable primary tooth with pulp exposure
(asymptomatic)
Pulpotomy
80
For primary—nonvital and restorable primary tooth with pulp exposure (asymptomatic)
Pulpectomy
81
Pulpotomy
_________ in crown, _________to attain hemostasis
Pulpectomy
____________ in crown, ________ in root
(can be resorbed by underlying permanent tooth)
ZOE in crown, formocresol to attain hemostasis
ZOE in crown, CaOH in root (can be resorbed by underlying permanent tooth)
82
Maintain pulp vitality in order to stimulate root development and allow the body to make a stronger root
Apexogenesis
83
Materials used in apexogenesis and apexication
CaOH or MTA
84
Disinfection of root canal followed by induction of an acceptable apical barrier
Apexification
85
Indications for Apexogenesis and Apexification
Genesis- IPC, DPC, Cvek, or PPTY performed in an immature permanent tooth
Apexification-PCTY performed in an immature permanent
tooth
86
Apexogenesis contraindicated in:
avulsed, nonrestorable, severe horizontal fracture, and necrotic teeth
87
______% chance of necrosis with closed apices in
Subluxation
Extrusion
Intrusion
Lateral luxation
6%
65%
95%
80%
88
Primary and secondary dentin contains
odontoblasts
89
Instruments taper 6, 8, 10 colors
Pink, gray, purple
90
Order of instrument colors from 15-40
White, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green, Black
91
Size 15 K-file caluclation
Size 15 K-file - 0.15mm + .02(16mm) = 0.47mm
92
J-shaped or tear drop radiolucency
Vertical root fracture
93
Post length and diameter
2/3rd root length
1/3rd root diameter
94
Pain on bitting and opening
Cracked tooth syndrome
95
Dyes and transillumination most important in diagnosing
Cracked tooth syndrome
96
pain to lateral percussion with a wide sulcular pocket
periodontal problem
97
Pulp canal obliteration can occur due to the formation of _________ dentin by the pulp
Pulp canal obliteration can occur due to the formation of reparative tertiary dentin by the pulp
98
EDTA has three main functions
Decalcifies dentin
Removes smear layer
Lubrication and debridement of canals
99
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is not used for canal filling material for primary tooth pulpectomies due to
difficulty in the placement of narrow root canals.
100
The resolution of a periapical radiolucency can take up to _________year.
The resolution of a periapical radiolucency can take up to 1 year.
101
* Sodium hypochlorite is commonly utilized as a _____________ agent during vital pulp therapy.
* Sodium hypochlorite is commonly utilized as a hemostatic agent during vital pulp therapy.
102
Cells that are predominant in acute and chronic infection
Acute:
Chronic:
Acute: Neutrophils
Chronic: Lymphocytes (e.g. T cell and B cells), monocytes
103
pink-colored appearance and the presentation of the periapical radiograph indicate that the tooth is undergoing __________ resorption.
Internal
104
* Non-vital tooth bleaching can be performed with _________
carbamide peroxide, sodium perborate, or hydrogen peroxide without heat.
105
Internal bleaching medicaments
sodium perborate
106
Internal bleaching risks
risks-external cervical resorption, chemical burn, coronal fracture, reduced bond strength of final restoration
107
Pulp canal obliteration cause
Formation of teritary dentin
108
What type of dentin is formed in response to slowly progressing caries and normal aging?
Sclerotic dentin
109
Which of the following is the term that describes pain to a stimulus that normally isn't painful?
Allodynia
110
The primary class of bacteria seen in primary endodontic infections is which of the following?
Bacteroides
111
Prognosis of traumatic injuries least to most
avulsion > intrusion > lateral luxation > extrusion > subluxation.
112
The order of probability of pulpal necrosis within luxation injuries is as follows:
Intrusion > Lateral Luxation > Extrusion > Subluxation.
113
order of most preferred to least preferred storage media:
milk > Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) > saliva (after spitting into a glass for instance) > saline> Water.
114
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is used in endodontic procedures to stimulate regeneration of what tooth component?
Cementum
115
primary purpose of an endodontic sealer during obturation?
Filling voids around obturation material
116
resolution of the periapical radiolucency (PARL) after RCT can take up to________.
1 year.
117
Which of the following teeth poses the most challenges during endodontic treatment?
Maxillary 1st molar.
118
when achieving endodontic access, the mesial surface of which tooth provides the most difficulty?
Maxillary 1st premolar
119
What ion is found in mineral trioxide aggregate?
Calcium
120
_____________ utilized as a hemostatic agent during vital pulp therapy.
Sodium hypochloride
121
__________ makes up the largest portion of gutta-percha.
66% zinc oxide
20-30% gutta-percha
11% metal sulfates
3% resins
122
What is a good alternative for sodium hypochlorite during endodontic treatment?
Chlorhexidine
123
____________ is the preferred intracanal medicament of choice following pulpectomy procedures.
Calcium hydroxide
124
Cold test is also called
Thermal test
125
Maxillary second premolars most commonly have ________ root and ____ pulp horns.
1 root and 2 pulp horns
126
It is recommended to have at least ________circumferential tooth structure surrounding the post.
at least ⅓
127
The most common cause of failure of fiber-reinforced post is
decementation or debonding
128
A primary endodontic infection is an infection that originates from the pulp chamber. These infections usually consist of which two bacterial species, ___________.
Peptostreptococcus and Streptococcus
129
Direct pulp capping is least successful if the tooth has _______
caries
130
