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Oral pathology > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

undifferentiated
mesenchymal cells

A

Tertiary dentin

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2
Q

Large myelinated and small unmyelinated afferent nerves

A

A delta and C fibers

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3
Q

Course centrally in the pulp

A

C fibers

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4
Q

Dull throbbing is a ________ pain

A

second pain

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5
Q

First pain is

A

sharp and transient

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6
Q

Heat and cold stimuli ____ and ____ fibers

A

C and A delta

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7
Q

Allodynia

A

reduced pain threshold

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8
Q

Least realible pulp vitality testing

A

EPT

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9
Q

EPT contraindicated in ____ patients

A

cardiac pacemakers

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10
Q

Pulpal diagnosis ________ test

A

Cold test ( endo ice) , -30˚C

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11
Q

lingering pain

A

Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis

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12
Q

quick,
sharp, transient response

A

Reversible Pulpitis

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13
Q

Mild to moderate transient response to
thermal and electrical stimuli

A

Normal pulp

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14
Q

spontaneous intermittent or
continuous pain

A

Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis

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15
Q

No complaints of spontaneous pain

A

Reversible Pulpitis

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16
Q

Symptom, not a disease

A

Reversible Pulpitis

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17
Q

Draining sinus track

A

Chornic apical abscess

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18
Q

Apical radiolucency

A

Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis

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19
Q

liquefaction necrosis, rapid swelling

A

Acute apical abscess

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20
Q

Painful inflammation around the apex

A

Symptomatic apical periodontitis

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21
Q

Localized inflammatory infiltrate within the
PDL

A

Symptomatic apical periodontitis

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22
Q

Acess preparation is the Straight-line access to

A

Orifice and apex

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23
Q

SS hand files types

A

K-file (Kerr), H-file (Hedstrom)

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24
Q

NiTi rotary instruments __________ taper

A

0 .04 or .06 taper

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25
Q

twisted square, watch winding
method

A

K-file (Kerr)

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26
Q

SS hand files____taper

A

0.02 taper

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27
Q

twisted triangle

A

Reamer

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28
Q

to open the orifice for
straight-line access

A

Gates-Glidden drills

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29
Q

Barbed broaches

A

entangle and remove

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30
Q

Step-back

A

small to big

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31
Q

dissolves GP in retreatment

A

Chloroform

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32
Q

lubricant, dissolves inorganic material

A

EDTA
l

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33
Q
  • Primary endodontic infection
  • Failed endodontic treatment
A
  • Bacteroides
  • Enterococcus
    faecalis
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34
Q

irrigant, dissolves organic material

A

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

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35
Q
  • Surgical opening in hard tissue
A

Trephination

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36
Q
  • Flexible NiTi files are __________ likely to ledge
A

less

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37
Q
  • Flexible NiTi files are ________ likely to
    fracture
A

more

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38
Q
  • Furcal perforation
  • Strip perforation
  • Coronal perforation
A
  • through pulpal floor
  • due to excessive coronal
    flaring
  • through the crown
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39
Q

Root perforation more/ less apical has better
prognosis?

A

More

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40
Q

signs of a perforation

A

Immediate hemorrhage or sudden pain

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41
Q

Perforation Internal repair with

A

MTA

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42
Q

Trauma Protocol

A
  • Tetanus booster (avulsions only)
  • Radiographs
  • Antibiotics (avulsions only)
  • Vitality testing
  • More
  • Appointments
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43
Q
  • Class IV
  • Class V
  • Class VI
  • class 7
A
  • Traumatized tooth that has become non-vital
  • Avulsion
  • Root fracture with/without crown fracture
  • Displacement without crown fracture
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44
Q

Complicated Fracture- With pulp involvement
* Less than 24 hours
* More than or equal to 24 hours
* More than or equal to 72 hours

A

*DPC
*Cvek
*PPTY

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45
Q

Horizontal Root Fracture
Vital-
non-vital

A

*Splint
*RCT

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46
Q

Horizontal Root Fracture
– Coronal fracture
– Midroot fracture
– Apical fracture

A

– rigid splint for 6-12 weeks
- flexible splint for 3 weeks
– flexible splint for 2 weeks maximum to
avoid ankylosis

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47
Q

Horizontal Root Fracture
radiographs
healing is by

A

3 PAs and 1 occlusal
calcific
metamorphosis

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48
Q

_____% chance of necrosis of coronal segment, necrosis of
apical segment is ____

A

25%
rare

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49
Q

No displacement, no mobility, PDL
sore

A

Concussion

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50
Q

Concussion

A

let the tooth rest

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51
Q

subluxation symptoms and rx

A
  • No displacement, increased mobility
  • PDL rips and bleeds
  • flexible splint for 1-2
    weeks
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52
Q

Extrusion open and closed apex rx:

A

*reposition, flexible splint, monitor
* reposition, flexible splint, RCT if needed

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53
Q
  • Displacement of tooth in any direction
    except axially
A

Lateral luxation

54
Q

Intrusion Rx:
Open apex
* Closed apex

A

Open apex - allow to reerupt
* Closed apex -reposition, flexible
splint, RCT

55
Q
  • Avulsion Rx
A
  • reimplant ASAP, flexible
    splint for 1-2 weeks
56
Q

Avulsion
* Open apex, EADT > 60 minutes
* Open apex, EADT < 60 minutes

A
  • Open apex, EADT > 60 minutes - may or may
    not reimplant, splint, RCT, plan for implant.
  • Open apex, EADT < 60 minutes à-reimplant,
    splint, no RCT but apexification at first sign of
    infected pulp
57
Q

Avulsion
Closed apex, EADT < 60 minutes
* Closed apex, EADT > 60 minutes

A

Closed apex, EADT < 60 minutes - reimplant,
splint
* Closed apex, EADT > 60 minutes -reimplant,
splint, RCT

58
Q

____________ resorption moves with angled radiograph

A

External resorption

59
Q

External/ internal which resorption has better prognosis/easier to treat

A

Internal resorption

60
Q

Poor and ragged margins
sharp and well defined margins

A

External resorption
Internal resorption

61
Q

External resorption initiates in ____ due to damage to_________layer
Internal resorption initiates in __________due to damage to ____layer

A

Periodontium, Cementoblastic layer
Root canal system, odontoblastic layer

62
Q

Cervical resorption (CR)

A

subepithelial sulcular infection from trauma or nonvital bleaching

63
Q

Internal resorption Rx

64
Q

extensive amounts of
reparative dentin within the pulp
space due to trauma

A

Calcific Metamorphosis

65
Q

Calcific Metamorphosis more likely with and color?

A
  • Open apices, intrusions, and severe crown fractures,
    yellow orange with canal obliteration
66
Q

Dentinal bridge formation

67
Q

Calcium hydroxide stimulates ___________

A

Secondary odontoblasts

68
Q

(CaOH2) PH and uses

A

high PH 12.5, cauterizes tissue and kills bacteria

69
Q

MTA Stimulates _________ to produce hard tissue

A

Cementoblasts

70
Q

MTA three minerals

A

Three minerals= calcium, silicon, aluminum

71
Q

MTA setting time

72
Q

MTA resorbable/non resorbable

A

non resorbable

73
Q

Indirect pulp capping materials

A

CaOH or RMGI

74
Q

Direct pulp capping material
* Traumatic exposure _____hours
* Carious or mechanical exposure _____mm
* Hard tissue barrier will hopefully form within _____- weeks

A

CaOH
* Traumatic exposure
<24 hours
* Carious or mechanical
exposure <2mm
* Hard tissue barrier will
hopefully form within
6 weeks

75
Q

Removal of small portion of coronal diseased pulp

A

Cvek Pulpotomy

76
Q

Cvek Pulpotomy
* Traumatic exposure _____hours
* Carious or mechanical exposure ___________mm

A
  • Traumatic exposure
    ≥24 hours
  • Carious or mechanical
    exposure >2mm
77
Q

Pulpotomy
Traumatic exposure _________hours

A

Traumatic exposure
≥72 hours

78
Q

Buckley’s Formocresol

A
  • 19% formaldehyde
  • 35% cresol
  • 15% glycerine
  • 31% water
  • Bactericidal + “fixative”
79
Q

For primary—vital and restorable primary tooth with pulp exposure
(asymptomatic)

80
Q

For primary—nonvital and restorable primary tooth with pulp exposure (asymptomatic)

A

Pulpectomy

81
Q

Pulpotomy
_________ in crown, _________to attain hemostasis
Pulpectomy
____________ in crown, ________ in root
(can be resorbed by underlying permanent tooth)

A

ZOE in crown, formocresol to attain hemostasis
ZOE in crown, CaOH in root (can be resorbed by underlying permanent tooth)

82
Q

Maintain pulp vitality in order to stimulate root development and allow the body to make a stronger root

A

Apexogenesis

83
Q

Materials used in apexogenesis and apexication

A

CaOH or MTA

84
Q

Disinfection of root canal followed by induction of an acceptable apical barrier

A

Apexification

85
Q

Indications for Apexogenesis and Apexification

A

Genesis- IPC, DPC, Cvek, or PPTY performed in an immature permanent tooth
Apexification-PCTY performed in an immature permanent
tooth

86
Q

Apexogenesis contraindicated in:

A

avulsed, nonrestorable, severe horizontal fracture, and necrotic teeth

87
Q

______% chance of necrosis with closed apices in
Subluxation
Extrusion
Intrusion
Lateral luxation

A

6%
65%
95%
80%

88
Q

Primary and secondary dentin contains

A

odontoblasts

89
Q

Instruments taper 6, 8, 10 colors

A

Pink, gray, purple

90
Q

Order of instrument colors from 15-40

A

White, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green, Black

91
Q

Size 15 K-file caluclation

A

Size 15 K-file - 0.15mm + .02(16mm) = 0.47mm

92
Q

J-shaped or tear drop radiolucency

A

Vertical root fracture

93
Q

Post length and diameter

A

2/3rd root length
1/3rd root diameter

94
Q

Pain on bitting and opening

A

Cracked tooth syndrome

95
Q

Dyes and transillumination most important in diagnosing

A

Cracked tooth syndrome

96
Q

pain to lateral percussion with a wide sulcular pocket

A

periodontal problem

97
Q

Pulp canal obliterationcan occur due to the formation of _________ dentin by the pulp

A

Pulp canal obliterationcan occur due to the formation of reparative tertiary dentin by the pulp

98
Q

EDTA has three main functions

A

Decalcifies dentin
Removes smear layer
Lubrication and debridement of canals

99
Q

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)is notused for canal filling material for primary tooth pulpectomiesdue to

A

difficulty in the placement of narrow root canals.

100
Q

The resolution of a periapical radiolucencycan take up to _________year.

A

The resolution of a periapical radiolucencycan take up to 1 year.

101
Q
  • Sodium hypochlorite is commonly utilized as a _____________ agent during vital pulp therapy.
A
  • Sodium hypochlorite is commonly utilized as a hemostatic agent during vital pulp therapy.
102
Q

Cells that are predominant in acute and chronic infection
Acute:
Chronic:

A

Acute: Neutrophils
Chronic: Lymphocytes (e.g. T cell and B cells), monocytes

103
Q

pink-colored appearanceand the presentation of the periapical radiograph indicate that the tooth is undergoing__________ resorption.

104
Q
  • Non-vital tooth bleaching can be performed with _________
A

carbamide peroxide, sodium perborate, or hydrogen peroxide without heat.

105
Q

Internal bleaching medicaments

A

sodium perborate

106
Q

Internal bleaching risks

A

risks-external cervical resorption, chemical burn, coronal fracture, reduced bond strength of final restoration

107
Q

Pulp canal obliteration cause

A

Formation of teritary dentin

108
Q

What type of dentin is formed in response to slowly progressing caries and normal aging?

A

Sclerotic dentin

109
Q

Which of the following is the term that describes pain to a stimulus that normally isn’t painful?

110
Q

The primary class of bacteria seen in primary endodontic infections is which of the following?

A

Bacteroides

111
Q

Prognosis of traumatic injuries least to most

A

avulsion > intrusion > lateral luxation > extrusion > subluxation.

112
Q

The order of probability of pulpal necrosis within luxation injuries is as follows:

A

Intrusion > Lateral Luxation > Extrusion > Subluxation.

113
Q

order of most preferred to least preferred storage media:

A

milk > Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) > saliva (after spitting into a glass for instance) > saline> Water.

114
Q

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is used in endodontic procedures to stimulate regeneration of what tooth component?

115
Q

primary purpose of an endodontic sealer during obturation?

A

Filling voids around obturation material

116
Q

resolution of the periapical radiolucency (PARL) after RCT can take up to________.

117
Q

Which of the following teeth poses the most challenges during endodontic treatment?

A

Maxillary 1st molar.

118
Q

when achieving endodontic access, the mesial surface of which tooth provides the most difficulty?

A

Maxillary 1st premolar

119
Q

What ion is found in mineral trioxide aggregate?

120
Q

_____________ utilized as a hemostatic agent during vital pulp therapy.

A

Sodium hypochloride

121
Q

__________ makes up the largest portion of gutta-percha.

A

66% zinc oxide
20-30% gutta-percha
11% metal sulfates
3% resins

122
Q

What is a good alternative for sodium hypochlorite during endodontic treatment?

A

Chlorhexidine

123
Q

____________ is the preferred intracanal medicament of choice following pulpectomy procedures.

A

Calcium hydroxide

124
Q

Cold test is also called

A

Thermal test

125
Q

Maxillary second premolarsmost commonly have________ root and ____ pulp horns.

A

1 root and 2 pulp horns

126
Q

It is recommended to have at least ________circumferential tooth structuresurrounding the post.

A

at least⅓

127
Q

The most common cause of failure of fiber-reinforced post is

A

decementationor debonding

128
Q

Aprimary endodontic infectionis an infection that originates from the pulp chamber. These infections usually consist of whichtwobacterial species,___________.

A

PeptostreptococcusandStreptococcus

129
Q

Direct pulp capping isleastsuccessfulif the tooth has_______

Oral pathology (14 decks)

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