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Oral pathology > Operative > Flashcards

Operative Flashcards

1
Q

Carbonate substitution_________ solubility of
hydroxyapatite

A

increases- easier to decay.

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2
Q

Critical pH
* Enamel (FA)
* Enamel (CHA)
* Dentin and Cementum

A
  • Enamel (FA)= 4.5
  • Enamel (CHA)= 5.5
  • Dentin and Cementum= 6.2-6.7
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3
Q
  • Root-surface lesions progresses slowly or rapidly?
A

Rapidly because no enamel

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4
Q

Shapes of
* Pit and fissure lesions
* Smooth-surface lesions

A
  • Pit and fissure lesions à inverted V-shape
  • Smooth-surface lesions à V-shaped
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5
Q
  • Infected dentin
  • Affected dentin
A
  • Infected dentin= superficial, wet, soft, mushy, necrotic
  • Affected dentin= deeper, dry, leathery, demineralized but not invaded by bacteria
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6
Q

Requires _________ surface for remineralisation

A

intact

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7
Q

occurs at junction of tooth and restoration indicating microleakage

A

Secondary/Recurrent

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8
Q

caries that remain in a completed tooth prep

A

Residual caries

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9
Q

Bacteria
* Enamel caries
* Dentinal caries
* Root caries

A
  • Streptococcus mutans -enamel caries
  • Lactobacillus - dentinal caries
  • Actinomyces- root caries
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10
Q

rapidly damages tooth structure, light-colored, soft, infectious

A

Acute or rampant caries

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11
Q

brown/black, hard, caries-resistant if exposed to fluoride (dentinal lesion has sclerotic dentin)

A

Arrested caries

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12
Q

Tooth needs ______% mineral loss to be detected radiographically

A

30-40%

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13
Q

In transillumination Shadows can indicate

A

interproximal caries

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14
Q

Marginal gap or ditching _________mm is judged carious or
caries-prone

A

> 0.5 mm

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15
Q

loss of tooth structure by mechanical wear

A

Abrasion

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16
Q

occlusal wear from functional contacts with
opposing natural teeth

A

Attrition

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17
Q

Treatment Plan Sequencing and functions

A
  1. Urgent phase= acute infection, pain, swelling
  2. Control phase= caries, oral hygiene
  3. Reevaluation phase
  4. Definitive phase= ortho, prosth, surgery
  5. Maintenance phase
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18
Q

Rx for incipient smooth-surface lesions

A

Remineralisation

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19
Q

Rx for pits and fissures

A

sealents

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20
Q

Functions
– Scalers
– Excavators
– Chisels
– Other

A

– Scalers - Calculus
– Excavators - Dentin
– Chisels - Enamel
– Other - Restoration

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21
Q

Sickle scaler
Curette

A

Sickle scaler= supragingival calculus
Curette= subgingival calculus

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22
Q

Rotary Instruments
* Low-speed handpiece ______ rpm
– ____ bur for safe caries removal
* Medium-speed handpiece ____rpm
* High-speed handpiece___ rpm

A
  • Low-speed handpiece
    – <12,000 rpm
    – Large round bur for safe
    caries removal
  • Medium-speed handpiece
    – 12,000-200,000 rpm
  • High-speed handpiece
    – >200,000 rpm
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23
Q
  • Carbide
    – Better for ____cutting
    – Produce _______ heat
  • Diamond
    – Better for ____cutting
    – Produce ________ heat
    – ________ hardness
A
  • Carbide
    – Better for end-cutting
    – Produce lower heat
  • Diamond
    – Better for side-cutting
    – Produce higher heat
    – Greater hardness
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24
Q

cutting= __________blades
* Finishing= ________ blades
* Fine finishing= ______blades
* Ultra fine finishing= _________blades

A

cutting= 6 blades
* Finishing= 12 blades
* Fine finishing= 18-24 blades
* Ultra fine finishing= 30-40 blades

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25
Q
  • 245
    – ________ mm
    – ________shaped
  • 330
    – _________ mm
    – _________shaped
    – Smaller size is helpful for ______
    preparations
  • 169L
    – shape?
A
  • 245
    – 3 mm x 0.8 mm
    – Pear-shaped
  • 330
    – 1.5 mm x 0.8 mm
    – Pear-shaped
    – Smaller size is helpful for pediatric
    preparations
  • 169L
    – Tapered fissure
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26
Q

Outline Form
initial depth of _____mm into dentin
Extend gingival floor to get ____mm clearance
* Extend facial and lingual proximal walls to get ________mm clearance

A

initial depth of 0.2mm into dentin
Extend gingival floor to get 0.5mm clearance
* Extend facial and lingual proximal walls to get 0.5mm clearance

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27
Q

Demineralised enamel is called
undermined enamel is called

A

Friable
Unsupported

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28
Q

________ enamel need to be removed because bonding agent may not be effective

A

Friable

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29
Q

Primary resistance features

A

Flat pulpal and gingival floor
rounded internal line angles

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30
Q

Primary Retention Form

A

Convergent
* Dovetail

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31
Q
  • Convergent walls prevent _______ displacement
  • Dovetail prevents _________displacement
A
  • Convergent walls prevent occlusal displacement
  • Dovetail prevents proximal displacement
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32
Q

GLUMA Composition

A

GLUMA
– 5% glutaraldehyde
– 35% HEMA (hydroxyethyl
methacrylate)
– Water

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33
Q

Liner include

A

CaOH or RMGI

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34
Q

Liner uses

A
  • Used for direct or near pulp exposures
  • Provides a barrier to protect dentin from residual reactants of
    restoration and oral fluids
  • Electrical insulation
  • Thermal protection
  • Pulpal treatment (formation of tertiary dentin)
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35
Q

Base includes

A

RMGI or GI cement

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36
Q

Base uses

A
  • Used for metal restorations
    and when liner is used
  • Thermal protection
    (especially under amalgam
    and gold)
  • Distributes local stress
    across all underlying dentin
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37
Q

Remaining Dentin Thickness
* Amalgam
– ≥2mm
– 0.5-2mm
– <0.5mm
* Composite
– ≥0.5mm
– <0.5mm
* Gold or Ceramic
– ≥2mm
– 0.5-2mm
– <0.5mm

A
  • Amalgam
    – ≥2mm sealer
    – 0.5-2mm base, sealer
    – <0.5mm liner, base, sealer
  • Composite
    – ≥0.5mm bond
    – <0.5mm liner, base, bond
  • Gold or Ceramic
    – ≥2mm cement
    – 0.5-2mm cement (2mm thick)
    – <0.5mm liner, base, cement
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38
Q

Secondary Resistance and
Retention Form

A
  • Retentive grooves
  • Beveled enamel margins
  • Slots
  • Pins
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39
Q
  • Slots
    – At least ____ mmdeep
    – At least ____mm long
    – ________mm inside DEJ
  • Pins
    – _________ pin most
    common
    – Usually where a _________l wall is
    missing
A
  • Slots
    – At least 1mm deep
    – At least 1mm long
    – 0.5mm inside DEJ
  • Pins
    – Self-threaded pin most
    common
    – Usually where a vertical wall is
    missing
40
Q

Amalgam Preparation bur
Composite Preparation bur

A

Use a carbide bur for smooth walls
Use a coarse diamond for rough walls

41
Q
  • Collar
  • Skirt
  • Provide _________ R&R form
A
  • Collar= beveled shoulder around capped cusp for bracing
  • Skirt= feather-edge margin
  • Provide secondary R&R form
42
Q

Amalgam composition

A

50% mercury
50% metal alloy
* Silver
* Tin
* Copper
* Zinc

43
Q

uses
* Silver
* Tin
* Copper
* Zinc

A
  • Silver à strength
  • Tin à corrosion
  • Copper à strength
  • Zinc à deoxidizer, but excess expansion if moisture
    contamination
44
Q

Trituration phases
* γ=
* γ1=
* γ2=

A
  • γ= unreacted silver-tin
  • γ1= strong silver-mercury matrix
  • γ2= weak tin-mercury
45
Q
  • Normal mix=
  • Over-trituration=
  • Under-trituration=
A
  • Normal mix= shiny, smooth
  • Over-trituration= warm, wet, soft, sets too quickly
  • Under-trituration= dry, dull, crumbly, sets too quickly
46
Q
  • Low-Copper- _____% Cu in the alloy
  • High-Copper- ____% Cu in the alloy
A
  • Low-Copper– <12% Cu in the alloy
  • High-Copper– ≥12% Cu in the alloy
47
Q

γ2 phase missing in high/ low copper alloy

A

High copper

48
Q

less corrosion and creep is seen in high/low copper alloy

A

High copper

49
Q

Which alloy particles is stronger and sets faster- Spherical/ admixed

A

Spherical

50
Q

Better proximal contacts- Admixed/spherical

A

Admixed

51
Q

Dental Amalgam contraindications

A

Very small Class VI lesions
High esthetic demands
Allergic to metals

52
Q
  • Preparation walls diverge occlusally due to
    orientation of enamel rods in ________ class of amalgam
A

five

53
Q

Acute mercury toxicity symptoms

A

– Muscle weakness (hypotonia)
– Loss of hair (alopecia)
– Weight loss/GI disorders
– Exhaustion

54
Q

Mercury Forms

A
  • Methylmercury= organic, most toxic
  • Elemental= liquid metallic, in dental amalgam
  • Mercury salts= inorganic
55
Q

Enamel bonding has _______ MPa of shear bond strength

A

20+ MPa of shear bond strength

56
Q

Reliable and predictable enamel/ dentin bonding

A

Enamel bonding

57
Q

Enamel and dentin composition
organic
mineral and
water

A

Enamel
2% organic, 88% mineral, 10% water
Dentin
25% organic, 50% mineral 25% water

58
Q
  • Etched enamel
  • Etched dentin
A
  • Etched enamel - chalky or frosty white,
    creates microporosities
  • Etched dentin - exposes layer of
    collagen, widens dentinal tubules
59
Q

Primer example and it causes

A

HEMA, Contact dermitities

60
Q

Etching is done with _____ and time

A

Etch for 15 seconds
* 30-40% phosphoric acid

61
Q

___________ Prevents collagen collapse

A

Primer

62
Q

Bond/Adhesive creates ______bond

A

Micro-Mechanical bond

63
Q

Hybrid Layer is a mechanical interface blw

A

Mechanical interface between tooth and adhesive

64
Q

Larger fillers= less/more strength
Higher filler content= less/more water absorption

A

more strength
less water absorption

65
Q
  • Composites shrink as they polymerize ___%
A

2-3%

66
Q

Higher C-factor means Less/more chance for shrinkage,
microleakage, and post-operative sensitivity

A

more

67
Q

Glass Ionomer composition

A
  • Acid= polyacrylic acid
  • Base= fluoroaluminosilicate glass
68
Q

Glass Ionomer rely on________________ bond
composite resin rely on _____________ bond

A

chemical
MMB

69
Q

anhydrous single pastes that contain major ingredients of both
CR and GI except for water

A

Compomer

70
Q

More rapid polymerization
slower polymerization

A

Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers
Compomers (Polyacid-Modified Resin
Composites)

71
Q

attracted use in orthodontics

A

Compomers (Polyacid-Modified Resin
Composites)

72
Q
  • Self-Cure composites _____ paste system
  • Light-Cure _______ Single-paste system
A

TWO
Single

73
Q

_________ nm light needed to initiate polymerization in light cure resins

A

468 nm

74
Q

Light-cure ___________ photoinitiator

A

– Camphorquinone is
photoinitiator

75
Q

Self cure initiator and activator?

A

– Benzoyl peroxide is initiator
– Tertiary amine is activator

76
Q

Enamel can be etched for up to __________ seconds and dentin can be etched for up to _________ seconds.

A

Enamel can be etched for up to 20-30 seconds and dentin can be etched for up to 15-20 seconds.

77
Q

Which type of dentin require a longer etching time

A

tertiary dentinis the most irregular and resilient, so it requires a longer etching time

78
Q

Composite shade 1 represents the_______chroma and_________value

A

1 represents theleastchroma andhighestvalue (whiter)

79
Q

Darker and more opaque shades of composite take _________to cure.

A

Darker and more opaque shades of composite take longerto cure.

80
Q

The patient has brown discoloration and chalky enamel, which is indicative of___________I.

A

amelogenesis imperfecta type III.

81
Q

The order in which teeth most commonly experience cracked tooth syndrome is:

A

Mandibular second molars
Mandibular first molars
Maxillary premolars

82
Q

Hot/cold sensitivity within two weeks of an amalgam dental restoration placement is most likely due to the _____________

A

thermal conductivityof the amalgam

83
Q

Root cariesare often difficult to properly isolate and keep clean making it a great option for_____________.

A

resin-modified glass ionomers.

84
Q

Layering resin composite over glass ionomer is commonly referred to as a ___________.

A

sandwich technique

85
Q

Composite is an ideal restorative material for small Class __________ slot preparations when standard isolation isnotan issue.

A

Class II slot preparations.

86
Q

Abfraction is presented with ________ cervical lesions. Abrasion is presented with __________ cervical lesions.

A

Abfraction is presented with angular cervical lesions. Abrasion is presented with rounded cervical lesions.

87
Q

Nanofill particles have least/ most wear resistance.

A

Most because Composites with the smallest-sized spherical particles exhibit the mostwear resistance.

88
Q

Senile caries, or root caries in older patients, results from ___________.

A

gingival recession.

89
Q

___________ cementis the most commonly used cement for ceramic inlay and onlays.

A

Resin cement

90
Q

_________ is an excellent choice of material to restore root caries as it has the ability to release fluoride.

A

Resin-modified glass ionomer

91
Q

One of the disadvantages of glass ionomers is the _______ of the material, which can be irritating if placed close to the pulp.

A

Low pH

92
Q

Abfraction has an _________ notch in thee cervical region, while abrasion has a __________ notch.

A

Angular and rounded respectively

93
Q

Which of the following composite fillers exhibits the most wear resistance?

A

Nanofill

94
Q

Occlusal caries will most often present with gray discoloration shown through the translucent enamel.

A

Translucency of the enamel

95
Q

Why does dentin collapse during etching?

A

Exposed layer of collagen

96
Q

which base or liner may interfere with the polymerization of a resin composite restoration?

A

ZOE

Oral pathology (14 decks)

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