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Oral Histology > Orofacial Morphogenesis (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Orofacial Morphogenesis (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What two Adult facial features come from the first PA?

A
  1. Mandibular region

2. Maxillary region

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2
Q

Which adult facial region is not derived from an arch

A

Frontonasal region

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3
Q

The checks, upper jaw, upper lip, secondary palate are derived from:

A

1st PA

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4
Q

The lower jaw, lower lip are derived from:

A

1st PA

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5
Q

What is the Intermaxillary segment composed of?

A

Philtrum of lip; Primary palate (premaxilla bone)

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6
Q

The epiglottis is derived from the:

A

4th PA

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7
Q

The Cricoid cartilage is derived from:

A

6th PA

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8
Q

The secondary Palate is derived from the:

A

Palatine bone

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9
Q

The Primary palate is derived from:

A

Premaxilla

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10
Q

What is the conchae?

A

Increases air circulation: Is an internal structure from the lateral inside wall

Are bones covered with nasal mucosa. Increases surface area:

Superior and middle conchae are downward extensions of the ethmoid bone

Inferior concha: attaches to maxilla (1st arch)

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11
Q

What is the Nasal septum?

A

Medial wall: It is part of the anatomical boundaries of the nasal cavity. It runs from roof to floor and divides cavity into two chambers

Comprised of:

  • Septal cartilage (SC)
  • Perpendicular palate of ethmoid bone (PPE)
  • Vomer Bone (VR) ** different embryonic origin (1st Arch)
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12
Q

What is a Meatuses?

A

Opening below each concha; serves as a connection between nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

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13
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Formed by the palate and soft palate

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14
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribrifomr plate of the ethmoid bone, lined with olfactory epithelium (Ethmoid bone is key to nose)

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15
Q

What are the openings of the Nasal cavity?

A

Anterior: Nares (Nostrils) = anterior aperture

Posterior: Choana= posterior aperture/opening of nasal cavity leading to nasopharynx and auditory tube

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16
Q

Which part of the nose originates from Ectomesenchyme? (Hint: Two)

A
  • Frontonasal Process/prominence (FNP): (Ectomesenchyme -> Forebrain)
  • Anterior cranial base/ Cartilaginous nasal capsule-
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17
Q

Which part of the nose originates from Ectoderm?

A
  • Nasal sensory placode (thickening) -> Nasal pit (depression)
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18
Q

What will ossify to form the Ethmoid bone?

A

Cartilaginous anterior cranial base = floor of skull that supports the forebrain will ossify to form the ethmoid bone

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19
Q

How does the External regions of the nose originate?

A

NC from forebrain migrate to FNP -> Proliferate as ectomesenchyme

20
Q

How does the frontonsasal process of the nose originate?

A

FNP forms into medial and lateral nasal processes -> CT/cartilage/bones of external nose

21
Q

How do the internal regions of the nose originate?

A

Anterior cranial base forms a cartilaginous nasal capsule (gray) -> ossifies to form the future Ethmoid bone which contributes to most structures in nasal cavity

22
Q

What is a Sensory Placode?

A

Ectodermal thickening in the 4th week that differentiates into the epithelial structures of the olfactory, optic, otic, sense organs: Neural crest cells contribute and direct differentiation

23
Q

What structures are recognizable structures in embryo during the 5th-12th week?

A
  1. Nasal sensory placode: Forms nasal epithelium
  2. Nasal pit formation: Forms cavity
  3. Medial and lateral nasal processes are visible: tissue surrounds nasal pit
  4. Nasolacrimal groove (7th week): Becomes Nasolacrimal duct and sac
  5. Medial nasal process fuse together to form: Tip and bridge of external nose
  6. Lateral nasal process fuses with maxillary process to form: Side of nose forms alar cartilage and lateral cartilage
24
Q

What forms the Paranasal sinuses?

A

The Nasal pit (ectoderm) invaginate to form the nasal cavity and later the paranasal sinuses

25
Q

What differentiates into respiratory (PSCC) and Olfactory epithelium?

A

Ectoderm lining the cavity will differentiate into Respiratory and olfactory epithelium and glands *olfactory epithelium only in roof of nasal cavity = epithelium contributes to mucosa

26
Q

Cartilaginous nasal capsule develops from:

A

The anterior region of the skull floor (future ethmoid bone) and grows downward.

Will form the Nasal septum and superior and middle conchae

27
Q

What is the Nasal septum?

A

(Midline): A medial nasal septum grows down inferior from roof of cavity/floor of skull (ethmoid)-> Separates the cavity into two chambers:

  • Part of nasal septum remains as hyaline cartilage (septal cartilage)
  • Part ossifies by endochondral ossification to form the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
28
Q

What is the Superior and middle conchae?

A

They develop as lateral outgrows of the cartilaginous capsule.

A meatus develops below each conchae; The meatus invaginate outward from the nasal cavities to form the paranasal sinuses

** Interior nasal conchae different origi n: Derived from the maxillary bone– 1st PA maxilla*****

29
Q

What is the germ layer of the ventral surface of tongue?

A

Endoderm

30
Q

What is the germ layer of the superior concha and olfactory epithelium?

A

Ectoderm

31
Q

Ectoderm forms epithelium associated with:

A

Mucosa of oral cavity, anterior 2/3 tongue and nasal cavity

*Excludes floor of mouth/ventral tongue

32
Q

Endoderm forms epithelium associated with:

A

Mucosa of pharynx and larynx

  • Pharynx includes nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
33
Q

What is different about the larynx/laryngopharynx?

A

The larynx is PSCC but the laryngopharynx is SSNK (Vocal cord)

34
Q

Describe Olfactory Mucosa:

A

Located in roof and superior conchae

  • Epithelium: PSCC
  • Cell types: Ciliated olfactory cells (bipolar neurons); Basal cells (regenerative); Supporting cells
  • –Ectoderm ^^
  • Lamina propria/Submucosa: Well vascularized, Pure serous (Bowman’s glands)

CT= Ectomesencymye

35
Q

Describe Nasal (Respiratory) mucosa:

A

Located on cavity walls, floor and sinuses:

  • Epithelium: PSCC
    Cell Types: Ciliated columnar cells; Basal cell; Goblet cell (Mucus producing)
    —- Ectomesenchyme ^^^^
  • Lamina program/submucosa: We’ll vascularized, Pure mucous glands, Seromucous (mixed secretion) glands
    —— Ectoderm^^^
36
Q

Mucosa of Nasal cavity wall exhibits:

A
  • Thicker mucosa
  • Increase # in goblet cells
  • Increase # seromucous glands
37
Q

Medial Nasal process of frontonasal = (embryonic/developmental origin) forms:

A
  • Nose- external: Bridge (nasal bones) and tip of nose

- Also forms: Intermaxillary segment -> Philtrum of lip and primary palate

38
Q

Lateral nasal process of frontonasal (Embryonic/developmental origin) forms:

A
  • Nose- External: Alar cartilage; Lateral nasal cartilage (side of nose)
39
Q

Cartilaginous Nasal Capsule is the embryonic origin of:

A

Internal nasal structures

40
Q

Medial part of nasal capsule forms:

A

Nose: Internal -> forms bony medial nasal septum and cartilaginous nasal septum

**Cartilaginous nasal capsule is a part of the floor of the developing skull; the midline the capsule forms cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. The perpendicular plate o the ethmoid grows down from the cribriform plate to form part of the nasal septum that ossifies and a part that remains cartilaginous

41
Q

Lateral part of nasal capsule forms:

A

Nose: Internal: -> forms superior and middle conchae of lateral nasal wall

42
Q

The Nasolacrimal groove (embryonic/developmental origin) forms:

A

The nasolacrimal duct/ lacrimal sac.

Groove between lateral nasal and maxillary process and extends from lacrimal sac at the lower corner of eye to nasal cavity– Drains into inferior meatus

43
Q

The maxillary process of 1st arch is the embryonic/developmental origin for:

A
  • External: Lateral soft issue region of upper lip, cheeks
  • Internal: Maxilla; secondary palate (palatine process); lacrimal, zygoma, vomer, inferior concha, Palatopterygo-quadrate cartilage -> Incus (middle ear bone)
44
Q

Mandibular process of 1st arch is the embryonic/developmental origin for:

A

External: Soft tissue of lower lip, chin

Internal: Mandibule, TMJ, MEckel’s cartilage -> Malleus (middle ear bone)

45
Q

How does the inferior concha develop?

A

Develops as outgrowth from maxilla bone

46
Q

Cartilages of first arch will undergo:

A

Endochondral ossification to form incus, malleus, respectively

Oral Histology (12 decks)

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