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cold war > origins of the cold war > Flashcards

origins of the cold war Flashcards

1
Q

when was the tehran conference?

A

1943

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2
Q

who was the tehran conference between

A

fdr, churchill and stalin

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3
Q

where was tehran

A

iran

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4
Q

what was discussed at tehran

A

fate of germany, military strategy for germany & allies, operation overlord

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5
Q

name some really early origins of the cold war

A
  • russian revolution 1917
  • allied support for whites in the russian civil war 1917-23
  • stalin’s purges 1930s
  • munich conference 1938
  • nazi soviet pact 1939
  • atlantic charter 1941
  • operation barbarossa 1941
  • d day 1944
  • the percentages agreement 1944
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6
Q

relations & personality of and between the big 3 (fdr, churchill and stalin)

A
  • fdr - optimistic, democratic, new deal policies, helped disadvantaged in society, wanted to work directly with stalin!
  • stalin - shrewd, manipulative, effective administrator, ruthless, industrialisation, systematic use of terror, heavy censorship, suspicious of west
  • churchill - inspiring, humane,
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7
Q

state of europe in 1945

A
  • nazis defeated and hitler commits suicide in 1945
  • power vacuum, lots of countries with no government
  • economic devastation
  • 16 million homeless
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8
Q

state of usa in 1945

A
  • change in isolationism
  • 50% of worlds manufacturing
  • test of the atomic bomb in 1945
  • death of fdr replaced by truman who wanted an iron fist approach
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9
Q

state of ussr in 1945

A
  • totalitarianism
  • over 20 million dead
  • economically struggling
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10
Q

why did both britain and ussr want poland

A
  • britain went to war for poland in 1939 and didn’t want to see it under a different dictatorship
  • stalin had been invaded through poland 3x - wanted as sphere of influence
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11
Q

two options for polish government

A
  • london poles
  • LUBLIN
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12
Q

when was yalta conference

A

feb 1945

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13
Q

who was at yalta conference

A

stalin, churchill, fdr

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14
Q

purpose of yalta conference

A

allow big three to coordinate military strategy as war came to a close

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15
Q

what was published at yalta

A

the deceleration of liberated europe

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16
Q

what was agreed in the deceleration on liberated europe

A
  • interim government in liberated countries (including germany and berlin into zones) - these govs be representative
  • ussr sphere of influence
  • UN established
  • SU join war against japan
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17
Q

what part of the deceleration of liberated europe was there debate over

A

the setting up of governments that’s reflected ‘all democratic elements’ - stalin saw as representing workers and peasants so communist, west saw as democracy similar to USA and UK

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18
Q

when was the percentages agreement

A

1944

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19
Q

examples of percentages in percentages agreement

A

romania - 90/10 to ussr
greece - 90/10 to britain
hungary - 50/50

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20
Q

when were the london poles set up

A

1939

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21
Q

when was lublin set up

A

1944

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22
Q

why was lublin government set up

A

london poles criticise stalin in 1943

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23
Q

when was potsdam conference

A

july 1945

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24
Q

what continued despite ww2 ending

A

japanese war

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25
Q

who attended the potsdam conference

A
  • churchill (replaced by attlee on the 26th), truman and stalin
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26
Q

what was agreed at potsdam

A
  • germany disarmed and demilitarised
  • de-nazification
  • freedom of speech and free press restored
  • germany to become single economic unit
  • ussr to receive reparations
  • decision of germany and berlin
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27
Q

how did truman want to get stalin to cooperate

A

threaten with nuclear tech

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28
Q

when did stalin complete his buffer zone of satellite states

A

1948

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29
Q

when was kennans long telegram

A

february 1946

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30
Q

what was said in the kennan long telegram

A
  • hardline against communism
  • communism was a threat to the free world
  • the ussr viewed the west as hostile and menacing
  • usa must be prepared to threaten the use of force
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31
Q

what happened in iran/turkey in 1946 to raise tension

A

stalin kept his troops positioned in iran for land and wanted turkish naval bases - west viewed as him trying to broaden his power and disliked the notion of him having too much control

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32
Q

what was the ussr response to the klt

A

novikov telegram - accusations of america trying to assume control over the world, their foreign policy was based on economic imperialism/ dollar diplomacy

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33
Q

position of kennan

A

worked in the us embassy in moscow

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34
Q

when was the iron curtain speech

A

may 1946

35
Q

what was said in the iron curtain speech

A
  • attack on soviet policies
  • suggest they are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control
  • urged special friendship
36
Q

how did stalin respond to iron curtain speech

A
  • in pravada
37
Q

what was happening in greece in 1946-47

A

greek civil war between monarchists and communists - britain providing military support until feb 47 when they could no longer afford it and usa resumed

38
Q

when was the truman doctrine

A

march 1947

39
Q

what was the general message of the truman doctrine

A
  • usa should offer financial aid and should help those living under the oppressive communism who want to be free
40
Q

reasons for the truman doctrine

A
  • he didn’t want the ussr to provide support for the greek civil war
  • he wanted to convince the americans to want to fight against the communists
  • it wanted to protect democracy and freedom
  • make the ussr feel threatened
  • first step of containment!!!!!!
41
Q

when was the marshall plan put forward

A

june 1947

42
Q

alternative name for the marshall plan

A

ERP (european recovery programme)

43
Q

reason for the marshall plan

A
  • a failure to revive european economy would damage american economy
44
Q

what was the condition of receiving erp aid

A

some of it had to be spent on imports from the usa and economic information was to be shared with the usa

45
Q

how much marshall aid was given

A

$13.5 billion to 16 countries - most to britain, france and germany

46
Q

what did stalin form in response to erp

A

comecon and comiform and molotov plan

47
Q

role of comecon and comiform

A

comecon - economic cooperation, offering an alternative to western aid
cominform - political unity among parties

48
Q

example of cominform in action

A

sending grain to czechoslovakia after a bad harvest

49
Q

what was comecon originally

A

molotov plan

50
Q

why did some states want/sympathise with communism

A
  • mass unemployment
  • economic chaos
  • promised employment
  • communism better prospect than capitalism
51
Q

how did stalin want eastern european leaders to act

A

as puppets to stalin

52
Q

what tactic did stalin use to ensure eastern european governments were on his side

A

salami tactics

53
Q

leader of yugoslavia

A

josip broz tito

54
Q

what happened to tito and yugoslavia

A
  • refused to be stalinist puppet
  • expelled from cominform
  • us provided with marshall aid
55
Q

describe the czech coup

A
  • communist takeover of government
  • Gottwald as president
56
Q

who died on czech coup and how

A

jan masaryk - foreign minister, defenestrated

57
Q

how did the powers coordinate their actions in germany

A

the acc (allied control council)

58
Q

german perception on soviet zone

A

didn’t trust!

59
Q

what did ussr do in german zone that breached acc

A
  • teaching russian is schools
  • land reform
  • nationalising industrial production
  • controlling left wing groups and turning communist
60
Q

population of british occupation zone

A

22.5 million

61
Q

what part of land did britain control in germany?

A

ruhr zone - industrial heart of germany and centre of german recovery

62
Q

why did the soviets want the ruhr zone

A

further reparations of germany
THIS will weaken germany economy and tip toward communism

63
Q

when was bizonia formed

A

january 1947

64
Q

what was role of omgus

A

managed is zone - wanted joint occupation to work - headed by ike and clay

65
Q

when was trizonia formed

A

1948

66
Q

what happened when marshall aid was given to west germany

A

difference in living standards between east and west - especially prevelent in berlin

67
Q

when was the deutschmark introduced

A

june 1948

68
Q

why was the trizone improved economy and deutschmark a problem for stalin

A

feared german strength and improved german economy

69
Q

stalins response to deutschmark

A

berlin blockade!
all road routes cut off - only air routes open

70
Q

western response to berlin blockade

A

airlifting of supplies from bevin (british prime minister) and truman

71
Q

stats of flights and supplies in berlin blockade

A

200000 missions
over 1.5 million tonnes of food

72
Q

when did stalin call off the blockade

A

may 1949

73
Q

results of berlin blockade

A
  • embarrassing for stalin
  • truman’s containment worked
  • europe divided into two blocs
74
Q

what aggression did the usa show during blockade

A

flight of B29 bombers to UK

75
Q

was was frg formed

A

1949

76
Q

leader of frg

A

konrad adenauer

77
Q

leader of gdr

A

walter ulbricht

78
Q

when was nato formed

A

april 1949

79
Q

how was nato a change in us policy

A

move away from isolationism and toward globalisation

80
Q

ussr view on nato

A

seen as aggressive!

81
Q

what did ussr respond to nato with

A

the warsaw pact

82
Q

what were the factors in causing a cold war

A
  • ideological differences
  • soviet policy
  • role of personalities
  • germany
  • us policy
  • misjudgement/misunderstanding
  • power rivalry
83
Q

when were the bombs dropped on nagasaki and hiroshima

A

august 1945

cold war (5 decks)

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