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Origins of Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Yalta conference?

A

Before the war ended in 1945

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2
Q

Who were the Big 3 at Yalta?

A

Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt

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3
Q

In what 2 ways did the ‘Big 3’ liberate Europe?

A

Free elections and emergency governments were set up

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4
Q

Who were the polish exiles that were to be allowed in the Polish government? (Decided at Yalta)

A

London Poles

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5
Q

What did the USSR gain from the decisions at Yalta?

A

Polish land

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6
Q

What happened to the German borders? (Decided at Yalta)

A

Germany was split into 4 sections

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7
Q

When was the Postdam Conference?

A

July 1945

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8
Q

Who were the ‘Big 3’ at Postdam?

A

Stalin, Truman and Atlee

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9
Q

What did the USSR receive from the other allies?

A

Reparations in the form of resources

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10
Q

What was to happen in regards to Nazi Germany?

A

Denazification

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11
Q

Which 2 countries had their borders decided at Postdam?

A

Poland and Germany

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12
Q

What became apparent at the Potsdam conference (in regards to Stalin)?

A

He was paying ‘lip service’ to Yalta - there were no London poles in the Lublin government

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13
Q

When was the first atom bomb dropped?

A

August 6th 1945

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14
Q

What was the name of the two places that were bombed? (Atom bomb)

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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15
Q

How many people were killed outright at Hiroshima?

A

78,000

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16
Q

How many people had died by the end of the year in Nagasaki?

A

80,000

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17
Q

How many buildings were destroyed?

A

70,000/78,000

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18
Q

What did the atom bomb put a stop to?

A

World War Two

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19
Q

What was started between the USSR and USA due to the dropping of the atom bomb?

A

The ‘arms race’

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20
Q

What was the situation in Poland in June 1945?

A

Communists dominated the government

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21
Q

What did Stalin do to ensure that the communist party took control in Poland?

A

Rigged elections

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22
Q

Who fled Poland which resulted in Poland becoming a communist state?

A

The leader of the London Poles - Mikolaczyk

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23
Q

Who did Stalin appoint in Romania to begin his takeover of the government?

A

The prime minister

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24
Q

What did the Communists do to the monarchy in Romania?

A

Abolished them

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25
What did Stalin do in Bulgaria to ensure Communist majority vote? (November 1945)
Rigged elections
26
What did the Communists do once they were in power in Bulgaria?
Abolished all other parties
27
When were the elections rigged in Hungary?
August 1947
28
When were all non communist parties banned in Hungary?
November 1947
29
What was set up in Czechoslovakia before they became a communist state?
A coalition government made up of no communist and non communist MPs
30
Who was murdered in Czechoslovakia due to his opposing views of the communists?
Masaryk - The foreign minister
31
What method did Stalin use to make Czechoslovakia a communist state?
Rigged elections
32
When was the Truman doctrine established?
March 1947
33
What did the Truman Doctrine say?
Supported countries against Communist influence to CONTAIN communism in order to prevent the DOMINO EFFECT
34
When was the Marshall Plan established?
June 1947
35
What was the Marshall plan?
Providing financial support to war torn countries Active way of enforcing the Truman Doctrine
36
What does Cominform mean?
Communist Information Bureau
37
What did Cominform do?
Co-ordinated communist governments in Eastern Europe and USSR told them what to do
38
What does Comecon mean?
Council of mutual economic assisstance
39
What did Comecon do?
Co-ordinated communist economies in terms of trade (no trading with the west)
40
When was 'Trizonia' formed?
1947
41
When was the Deustchmark introduced into West Germany?
23rd June 1948
42
What date did Stalin begin the Berlin Blockade?
24th June 1948
43
What was the Berlin Blockade?
All communications were cut off from west Germany to West Berlin - meaning West Berlin had no more way of receiving resources by land
44
When did the Airlift start?
26th June 1948
45
How many tonnes of resources were being delivered at the start of the airlift?
600
46
How many tonnes were being flown in by spring 1949? (Berlin Blockade)
8000
47
What did the Soviets do to try to convince west Berliners to join the east?
Cut off electricity and promised them extra rations
48
When was the Blockade ended?
May 1949
49
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic treaty organisation
50
When was NATO formed?
April 1949
51
What did NATO ensure?
That if any members were attacked or went to war then the others would support
52
Which countries were part of NATO
Countries west of the Iron Curtain
53
What Pact was formed as a result of the NATO formation?
Warsaw Pact
54
When was the Warsaw Pact formed?
1955
55
What did the Warsaw Pact ensure?
Military alliance of 'mutual assistance' of communist countries
56
What was the Warsaw Pact a direct rival to?
NATO
57
When did the 'arms race' begin?
1945 - as a result of the atom bomb
58
In what year did USSR develop their own nuclear bomb?
1949
59
How much did expenditure into the US ground forces increase between 1950 and 1953?
From $11-$50billion
60
Who created the worlds first hydrogen bomb and when was it created
USA 1952
61
When did USSR create their own Hydrogen bomb?
1953
62
How much did USA increase their spending on arms in the late 1950s
$7 billion
63
What does ICBM stand for?
Inter-continental ballistic missile
64
What year did USSR develop ICBMs?
1957
65
What year did USA use U2 planes to check on the Soviet military position?
1957
66
When was the nuclear test ban?
1963
67
Why did USA get involved in the Korea situation?
They were worried that South Korea would fall to communism
68
What did the USA want to do that was more active than just containing communism? (In Korea)
Roll back communism
69
Why were the NKPA successful?
By September 1950 all of South Korea was occupied except Pusan
70
What did General MacArthur do that was successful in Korea?
Pushed the NKPA towards China in October 1950
71
What event in Russia caused hostility between the USA and USSR?
The civil war - the USA supported the 'whites'
72
How many men did China send to help the NKPA?
200,000
73
Where did the North Korea and China push the UN back to?
38th Parallel
74
What did the Korean War lead to the formation of?
SEATO
75
What had been put into practice during the Korean War?
Containment

History (6 decks)

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